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There were two conditions of plasma creation during the research: free location of samples on the surface of the cathode (configuration I) and inside the hollow cathode (configuration II). The total depth of the nitrided layer after the specified treatment time reached 23 μm, use of hollow cathode increased it by 26% to 29 μm. Key words: ion nitriding , glow discharge , cross-sectional layer structure , hardening , microhardness Bibliography: 1. A., Kharchenko N. Physichni ta tekhnologichni parametry azotuvannya stali Х28 v seredovyschi amiaku. G., Kharchenko N. M., Medvechku N. Multi-component nitrated ion-plasma Ni-Cr coating. Fernandes B.B. Osobennosti formirovanniya diffusionnogo sloya pri ionnom azotirovannii v bezvodorodnykh sredakh.
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12. Hardening of steels modifying their surfaces with ion-plasma nitriding in glow discharge

Authors:

Nadtoka V. M.1, Shtapenko Ye. P.2, Kraeva V. S.1, Kraev M. V.1

Organization:

Yangel Yuzhnoye State Design Office, Dnipro, Ukraine1; Ukrainian State University of Science and Technologies2

Page: Kosm. teh. Raket. vooruž. 2024, (1); 102-113

DOI: https://doi.org/10.33136/stma2024.01.102

Language: Ukrainian

Annotation: Steel hardening technology is considered, which implies modification of the steel surface with the method of ion-plasma nitriding in glow discharge. Ion-plasma nitriding is a multi-factor process, which requires the study of the influence of nitriding process conditions on the structure of modified layers, which, in its turn, determines their mechanical properties. The subjects of research included: austenitic steel 12X18Н10T, carbon steel Ст3 and structural steel 45. There were two conditions of plasma creation during the research: free location of samples on the surface of the cathode (configuration I) and inside the hollow cathode (configuration II). Optimal parameters of the ion-plasma nitriding process have been determined, which provide stability of the process and create conditions for intensive diffusion of nitrogen into the steel surface. Hydrogen was added to the argon-nitrogen gaseous medium to intensify the nitriding process. Working pressure in the chamber was maintained within the range of 250-300 Pa, the duration of the process was 120 minutes. Comparative characteristics of the structure and microhardness of the modified surfaces of the steels under study for two ion-plasma nitriding technologies are presented. Metallographic examination of the structure of the surface modified layers in the cross section showed the presence of the laminated nitrided layer, which consists of different phases and has different depths, depending on the material of the sample and treatment mode. Nitrided layer of 12Х18Н10Т steel consisted of four sublayers: upper “white” nitride layer, double diffuse layer and lower transition layer. The total depth of the nitrided layer after the specified treatment time reached 23 μm, use of hollow cathode increased it by 26% to 29 μm. The nitrided layers of steel Ст3 and steel 45 consisted of two sublayers – thick “white” nitride layer and general diffuse layer with a thickness of about 18 μm. The microhardness of the nitrided layer of steel Ст3 was 480 HV, increasing by 2,5 times, and for steel 45 was 440 HV, increasing by 1,7 times. The use of hollow cathode for these steels reduces the depth of the nitrided layer, but at the same time the microhardness increases due to the formation of a thicker and denser nitride layer on the surface. The results of the conducted research can be used to strengthen the surfaces of the steel parts in rocket and space technology, applying high-strength coatings.

Key words: ion nitriding, glow discharge, cross-sectional layer structure, hardening, microhardness

Bibliography:

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2. Al-Rekaby D. W., Kostyk V., Glotka A., Chechel M. The choice of the optimal temperature and time parameters of gas nitriding of steel. Eastern-European journal of Enterprise Technologies. 2016. V. 3/5(81). P.44-49. https://doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2016.69809
3. Yunusov A. I., Yesipov R. S. Vliyanie sostava gazovoy sredy na process ionnogo azotirovaniya martensitnoy stali 15Х16К5НР2МВФАБ-Ш. Vestnik nauki. 2023. №5(62). s. 854-863.
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11. Kozlov A. A. Nitrogen potential during ion nitriding process in glow-discharge plasma. Science and Technique. 2015. Vol. 1. P. 79-90.
12. Nadtoka V., Kraiev M., Borisenko А., Kraieva V. Multi-component nitrated ion-plasma Ni-Cr coating. Journal of Physics and Electronics. 2021. №29(1). Р. 61–64. DOI 10.15421/332108. https://doi.org/10.15421/332108
13. Nadtoka V., Kraiev M., Borisenko A., Bondar D., Gusarova I. Heat-resistant MoSi2–NbSi2 and Cr–Ni coatings for rocket engine combustion chambers and respective vacuum-arc deposition technology/ 74th International Astronautical Congress (IAC-23-C2.4.2), Baku, Azerbaijan, 2-6 October 2023.
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12.1.2024 Hardening of steels modifying their surfaces with ion-plasma nitriding in glow discharge
12.1.2024 Hardening of steels modifying their surfaces with ion-plasma nitriding in glow discharge
12.1.2024 Hardening of steels modifying their surfaces with ion-plasma nitriding in glow discharge

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]]> 9.1.2020 Experimental investigation of a liner-free propellant tank made from polymer composite materials https://journal.yuzhnoye.com/content_2020_1-en/annot_9_1_2020-en/ Wed, 13 Sep 2023 10:43:08 +0000 https://journal.yuzhnoye.com/?page_id=31035
, Kalinichenko D. , Derevianko I. , Kharchenko V. The tests of carbon plastic samples were conducted at different curing modes to determine the most effective one from the viewpoint of strength characteristics and the tests for permeability by method of mouthpiece were conducted. The empirical dependences were constructed of relative ring deformations at load-bearing shell middle section on pressure and temperature. Composite fuel tank for ILV, Dnipro, Yuzhnoye SDO, 2019.   https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.73127 Full text (PDF) || S., Kalinichenko D. O., Derevianko I. I., Kharchenko V. S., Kalinichenko D. O., Derevianko I. I., Kharchenko V. S., Kalinichenko D. O., Derevianko I. I., Kharchenko V. S., Kalinichenko D. O., Derevianko I. I., Kharchenko V. S., Kalinichenko D. O., Derevianko I. I., Kharchenko V. S., Kalinichenko D. O., Derevianko I. I., Kharchenko V.
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9. Experimental investigation of a liner-free propellant tank made from polymer composite materials

Authors:

Sidoruk А. V., Popov D. А., Zadoia А. S., Kalinichenko D. S., Aksenenko O. V., Husarova I. O., Derevianko I. I., Kharchenko V. M., Litot O. V.

Organization:

Yangel Yuzhnoye State Design Office, Dnipro, Ukraine

Page: Kosm. teh. Raket. vooruž. 2020, (1); 90-98

DOI: https://doi.org/10.33136/stma2020.01.090

Language: Russian

Annotation: The exploratory and experimental investigations were conducted into design of propellant tank made of composite polymer materials for work in cryogenic environment at operating pressure of 7.5 kgf/cm2 . When determining the configuration of a liner-free composite propellant tank, the main requirement was ensuring its leak-tightness at internal excess pressure and cryogenic temperature effect. The world experience of creating similar designs was analyzed and the requirements were defined imposed on configuration of propellant tank load-bearing shells. Before defining the final configuration, the types of materials, reinforcing patterns, and possible ways to ensure leak-tightness were analyzed, and preliminary tests were conducted of physical and mechanical characteristics of thin-wall samples of composite materials and tubular structures with different reinforcing patterns. The tests of carbon plastic samples were conducted at different curing modes to determine the most effective one from the viewpoint of strength characteristics and the tests for permeability by method of mouthpiece were conducted. The tests of pilot propellant tank showed that the calculated values of deformations and displacements differ from the experimental values by no more than 10 %. Using the parameters measurement results from the tests on liquid nitrogen, the empirical formulas were obtained to calculate linear thermal expansion coefficient of the package of materials of load -bearing shell. The empirical dependences were constructed of relative ring deformations at load-bearing shell middle section on pressure and temperature. The tests confirmed correctness of adopted solutions to ensure strength and leak-tightness of propellant tank load-bearing shell at combined effect on internal excess pressure and cryogenic temperature, particularly at cyclic loading. The materials used and propellant tank manufacturing technologies ensure leak-tightness of load-bearing shell at liquid nitrogen operating pressure of 7.5 kgf/cm2 and strength at excess pressure of 15 kgf/cm2 and allow conducting approbation of prospective stage of the integrated launch vehicle.

Key words: load-bearing shell, permeability, cryogenic propellant, relative deformations, linear thermal expansion coefficient

Bibliography:
1. Frantsevich I. М., Karpinos D. М. Kompozitsionnye materialy voloknistogo stroeniia. K., 1970.
2. TSM YZH ANL 009 00. Composite fuel tank for ILV, Dnipro, Yuzhnoye SDO, 2019.
3. Zheng H., Zeng X., Zhang J., Sun H. The application of carbon fiber composites in cryotank. Solidification. 2018. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.73127

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9.1.2020 Experimental investigation of a liner-free propellant tank made from polymer composite materials
9.1.2020 Experimental investigation of a liner-free propellant tank made from polymer composite materials
9.1.2020 Experimental investigation of a liner-free propellant tank made from polymer composite materials

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]]> 19.1.2019 Peculiarities of Radio Transparent Fairings Development https://journal.yuzhnoye.com/content_2019_1-en/annot_19_1_2019-en/ Wed, 24 May 2023 16:00:43 +0000 https://journal.yuzhnoye.com/?page_id=27724
Peculiarities of Radio Transparent Fairings Development Authors: Danilchenko D. , Kharchenko E. Yuzhnoye-developed radome for the up to 5 M aircraft was considered, consisting of ogive shell made of АФ-10ПО fiberglass, heat-resistant tip and structural ring made of aluminum alloy. Methods of thermal and strength analyses of the shell are considered, results of calculations confirming the fitness for work of the structure are presented. Options of configuration with ceramic shells and methods of their coupling with rings are presented for the aircraft that reaches up to 5 M speed. I., Kharchenko Y. V., Kharchenko E. V., Kharchenko E. V., Kharchenko E. V., Kharchenko E. V., Kharchenko E. Peculiarities of Radio Transparent Fairings Development Автори: Danilchenko D. V., Kharchenko E.
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19. Peculiarities of Radio Transparent Fairings Development

Authors:

Danilchenko D. A., Samoilenko I. D., Voloshin V. V., Kharchenko E. D., Onofriienko V. I.

Organization:

Yangel Yuzhnoye State Design Office, Dnipro, Ukraine

Page: Kosm. teh. Raket. vooruž. 2019, (1); 132-138

DOI: https://doi.org/10.33136/stma2019.01.132

Language: Russian

Annotation: The main task of the radiotransparent radome design is to develop a structure that reliably protects the aircraft components, sensitive instrumentation of the guidance system from incoming air flow and heating in all phases of operation, meeting all the requirements of minimum weight, allowable temperature under the radome, strength, centre of mass and radio characteristics. Development of the radome solves the complex task of coupling and optimization of the geometric aspects of design with physical-mechanical, radio and thermal properties of materials. The article dwells on the aspects of development of the radiotransparent radomes depending on the aircraft flight speed; basic requirements for the selection of outside perimeter configuration; structural materials, providing the required radio properties in combination with minimum mass and necessary strength, acceptable temperature inside the fairing. Yuzhnoye-developed radome for the up to 5 M aircraft was considered, consisting of ogive shell made of АФ-10ПО fiberglass, heat-resistant tip and structural ring made of aluminum alloy. Methods of thermal and strength analyses of the shell are considered, results of calculations confirming the fitness for work of the structure are presented. Options of configuration with ceramic shells and methods of their coupling with rings are presented for the aircraft that reaches up to 5 M speed. Basic principles of radiotransparent radomes development and aspects of ceramic shells coupling with structural rings are considered, as well as the results of strength analyses and thermal calculations that ensure the performance of the structure and equipment in the area under the radome.

Key words: structural ring, under dome area, aircraft

Bibliography:
1. Rusin M. Y. Proektirovanie golovnykh obtekateley raket iz keramicheskykh i compozitsionnykh materialov: Ucheb. posobie. M.: Izd-vo MGTU im. N. E. Baumana, 2005. 64 p.
2. Mossakovskiy V. I. i dr. Prochnost’ raketnykh konstruktsiy. M.: Vyssh. shk., 1990. 190 p.
3. Pat. 114323 Ukraine, MPK H01Q1/42. Golovnoy obtekatel’ ballisticheskoy rakety/ Shevtsov Ye. I., Kharchenko Y. D., Voloshin V. V., Samoilenko I. D.; zayavitel’ i patentoobladatel’ KB «Yuzhnoye». Opubl. 10.03.2017

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19.1.2019 Peculiarities of Radio Transparent Fairings Development
19.1.2019 Peculiarities of Radio Transparent Fairings Development
19.1.2019 Peculiarities of Radio Transparent Fairings Development

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