Search Results for “electric drive” – Collected book of scientific-technical articles https://journal.yuzhnoye.com Space technology. Missile armaments Mon, 16 Mar 2026 00:50:23 +0000 en-GB hourly 1 https://journal.yuzhnoye.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/logo_1.svg Search Results for “electric drive” – Collected book of scientific-technical articles https://journal.yuzhnoye.com 32 32 3.2.2025 Electric thrusters utilizing metal plasma https://journal.yuzhnoye.com/content_2025_2-en/annot_3_2_2025-en/ Tue, 27 Jan 2026 08:12:56 +0000 https://journal.yuzhnoye.com/?page_id=35821
Electric thrusters utilizing metal plasma Date of receipt of the article for publication: 24.10.2025 Date of acceptance of the article for publication after review: 07.11.2025 Date of publication: 27.01.2026 e-ISSN: 2617-5533 Authors: Spirin Ye. 2025 (2); 24-34 DOI: https://doi.org/10.33136/stma2025.02.024 Language: Ukrainian Annotation: The article provides an overview of modern research on the problem of creating electric jet engines based on metal plasma. Vacuum arc plasma thrusters with inductive energy storage driver. Inductive Energy Storage Driven Vacuum Arc Thruster, Review of Scientific Instruments.
]]>

3. Electric thrusters utilizing metal plasma

Date of receipt of the article for publication: 24.10.2025

Date of acceptance of the article for publication after review: 07.11.2025

Date of publication: 27.01.2026

e-ISSN: 2617-5533

ORCID authors:

Spirin Ye. V. ORCID, Nadtoka V. M. ORCID

Organization:

Yangel Yuzhnoye State Design Office

Page: Kosm. teh. Raket. vooruž. 2025 (2); 24-34

DOI: https://doi.org/10.33136/stma2025.02.024

Language: Ukrainian

Annotation: The article provides an overview of modern research on the problem of creating electric jet engines based on metal plasma. Electric jet engines have long attracted the attention of specialists working in the fi eld of creating space technology. One type of electric rocket engines is electric engines that use a metal plasma fl ow. A metal plasma rocket engine (Vacuum Arc Thruster, VAT) is a new class of electric propulsion systems in which metal converted into a plasma state using an electric discharge and an accelerated metal plasma fl ow creates jet thrust. A metal plasma engine does not require gas or liquid fuel, neutralizers, heaters, highvoltage electronics, or strong electric or magnetic fi elds to operate. Metal plasma engines use metal to create a plasma fl ow, so their design is very compact. Since the cathode material is in the solid phase, there can be no fuel loss due to leakage. No gases are required, so such engines do not threaten the spacecraft with a possible explosion of the pressurized container. In addition, there are no valves and fl ow sensors (components that increase the complexity and cost of the system). The purpose of this work is to analyze the level of development of vacuum-arc jet engines on metal plasma based on the generalization and systematization of publications. Particular attention paid to the analysis of works that consider metal plasma engines with a thrust level of the order of millinewtons. Based on the analysis, conclusions drawn regarding the relevance of the development of vacuum-arc jet engines. In March 2024, a satellite successfully launched in the USA, in which the Xantus X4 vacuum-arc jet engine developed by Alameda Applied Sciences Co. and Benchmark Space Systems was installed. Currently, leading companies in the space industry continue to improve the technology of metal plasma rocket engines with an emphasis on reliability, increased thrust and service life. The article intended for specialists in the fi eld of rocket engine engineering.

Key words: electric thruster, vacuumarc discharge, metal plasma

Bibliography:

1. Ethan Dale, Benjamin Jorns and Alec Gallimore. Future Directions for Electric Propulsion Research. Aerospace. 2020, 7, 120.
https://doi:10.3390/aerospace7090120.
2. Lev D., Myers R. M., Lemmer K. M., Kolbeck J., Koizumi H., Polzin K. The technological and commercial expansion of electric propulsion. Acta Astronautica. 2019. Vol.159. P. 213-227. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2019.03.058
3. O’Reilly D., Herdrich G., Kavanagh D.F. Electric Propulsion Methods for Small Satellites: A Review. Aerospace 2021. Vol. 8. Issue 1. 22.
https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace8010022
4. Kolbeck J., Anders A., Beilis I.I., Keidar M. Micro-propulsion based on vacuum arcs. Journal of Appied Physics. 2019. Vol.125 Issue 22.
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5081096.
5. Polk J. E., Sekerak M. J., Ziemer J. K., Schein J., and Anders A. A Theoretical analysis of vacuum arc thruster and vacuum arc ion thruster performance. IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 2008. Vol. 36, No. 5, P. 2167–2179.
https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2008.2004374
6. Schein J., Qi N., Binder R., Krishnan M., Anders A. Et al. Low mass vacuum arc thruster system for station keeping missions. IEPC-01-228: Pasadena, CA. USA. 2001.
7. Anders A. Cathodic Arcs. Springer Science Business Media. New York. 2008. 540 p. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-79108-1
8. Sanders D. M., Anders A. Review of Cathodic Arc Deposition Technology at the Start of the New Millennium. Surface and Coatings Technology. Vol. 133-134. 2000. P. 78-90. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0257-8972(00)00879-3
9. Liubimov H. A., Rakhovskyi V.I. Katodna pliama vakuumnoi duhy. UFN. 1978. T. 125, vyp. 4. S. 665-706. https://doi.org/10.3367/UFNr.0125.197808c.0665
10. Tanberg R. On the Cathode of an Arc Drawn in Vacuum. Physical Review. 1930. Vol. 35, No. 9. P. 1080-1089. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.35.1080
11. Anders A. and Yushkov G. Ion flux from vacuum arc cathode spots in the absence and presence of magnetic fields. Journal of Appied Physics . 2002.Vol. 91. No. 8. P. 4824. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1459619
12. Lun J. Performance improvement of vacuum arc thrusters. A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment at the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. 2015.
13. Dethlefsen R. Performance measure-ments on a pulsed vacuum arc thruster. AIAA Journal. 1968. 6(6). P. 1197–1199. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.4713
14. Gilmour A. & Lockwood D. Pulsed metallic-plasma generators, Proceedings of the IEEE. 1972. 60(8), P. 977–991. https://doi.org/10.1109/PROC.1972.8821
15. Qi N., Gensler S., Prasad R., Krishnan M., Vizir A. & Brown I. A vacuum arc ion thruster for space propulsion. Technical report, AASC. SBIR Phase-I Final Report F49620-97-C-0024, 31 MARCH 1998. https://doi.org/10.21236/ADA342818
16. Tang B., Idzkowski L. & Au M. Thrust improvement of the magnetically enhanced vacuum arc thruster (MVAT), in ‘29th International Electric Propulsion Conference’, Vol. IEPC-2005 304. 2005. Princeton University.
17. Polk J. E., Sekerak M. J., Ziemer J. K., Schein J., Niansheng Qi and Anders A. A Theoretical analysis of vacuum arc thruster and vacuum arc ion thruster performance. IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 2008. Vol. 36, No. 5, P. 2167–2179. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2008.2004374
18. Rysanek F., Hartmann J. W., Schein J. and Binder R. MicroVacuum Arc Thruster Design for a CubeSat Class Satellite. In 16th Annual/USU Conference on Small Satellites. 2002.
19. Lun J. Development of a vacuum arc thruster for nanosatellite propulsion. Master’s thesis, Stellenbosch University. 2008.
20. Keidar M., Schein J., Wilson K., Gerhan A., Au M., Tang B., Idzkowski L., Krishnan M. and Beilis I. I. Magnetically enhanced vacuum arc thruster. Plasma Sources Sci. Technol. 2005. 14(4), 661–669. https://doi.org/10.1088/0963-0252/14/4/004
21. Schein J., Gerhan A., Woo R., Au M., Krishnan M. Vacuum arc plasma thrusters with inductive energy storage driver. US Patent App. 11/417,366. 2007.
22. Gilmour A. S. Concerning the Feasibility of a Vacuum-Arc Thruster. In AIAA 5th Electric Propulsion Conference, San Diego, CA. 1966. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1966-202
23. Schein J., Qi N., Binder R., Krishnan M., Polk J., Ziemer J. and Shotwell R. Vacuum Arc Thruster for Small Satellite Applications. Final Contractor Report, NASA. NASA CR 2001 211323. 2001.
24. Pietzka M. Development and Characterization of a Propulsion System for CubeSats Based on Vacuum Arc Thrusters. Ph.D. Thesis, University of the Bundeswehr Munich, Munich, Germany, 2016. P. 177.
25. Zhuang T., Shashurin A., Brieda L., and Keidar M. Development of micro-vacuum arc thruster with extended lifetime. 31st International Electric Propulsion Conference, IEPC-2009-192. Ann Arbor, Michigan. 2009. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2009-4820
26. Duppada G. S., Taploo A., Spinelli J., Keidar M. Toward achieving longevity of micro cathode thrusters. Journal of Applied Physics. 2025. 138 (2) . https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0273158.
27. Krishnan M., Velas K., and Leemans S. Metal Plasma Thruster for Small Satellites. AIAA Journal. 2020. Vol. 36, No. 4, P. 535-539.
https://doi.org/10.2514/1.B37603.
28. Frankovich K., Krishnan M. Metal plasma thruster (MPT): from garage to orbit in 4 years, presented at the 2024 3AF Space Propulsion Conference in Glasgow, Scotland, 20 – 23 MAY 2024.
29. Frankovich K., Krishnan M., Mackey J.A., Kamhawi H. Flight Metal Plasma Thruster (MPT) Development, Qualification, and Thrust Measurement Campaign. Nasa Technical Reports Server: Cleveland, OH, USA, 2024.
30. Saletes J., Kim M., Saddul K., Wittig A., Honda K., Katila P. Development of a Novel Cubesat De-Orbiting All Printed Propulsion System. Space Propulsion: Estoril, Portugal, 2022.
31. Kanda B. and Kim M. Operation of Vacuum Arc Thruster Arrays with Multiple Isolated Current Sources. Aerospace. 2025, 12(6), 549.
https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace12060549
32. Anders A., Schein J. and Qi N. Pulsed vacuum-arc ion source operated with a ‘triggerless’ arc initiation method. Review of Scientific Instruments. 2000. 71(2), P. 827-829. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1150305
33. Schein J., Qi N., Binder R., Krishnan M., Ziemer J. K., Polk J. E., & Anders A. Inductive Energy Storage Driven Vacuum Arc Thruster, Review of Scientific Instruments. 2022 . 73. P. 925-927.
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1428784

Downloads: 28
Abstract views: 
483
0 citations in OpenAlex database (as of 04.03.2026 13:28)
0 citations in Scopus database (as of 17.03.2026 12:44)
0 citations in Zenodo database (as of 17.03.2026 12:44)
Dynamics of article downloads
Dynamics of abstract views
Downloads geography
CountryCityDownloads
USA El Monte; El Monte; Ashburn; Ashburn; Portland; San Mateo; San Mateo; Pompano Beach; Lakeside; Lakeside; Lakeside; San Francisco; San Francisco; Albany; Albany15
Vietnam Thu Dau Mot;;3
Unknown Hong Kong; Hong Kong;3
China Nanjing;2
France Paris; Gravelines2
Ukraine Dnipro; Kremenchuk2
Singapore Singapore1
Збірник науково-технічних статей


Збірник науково-технічних статей


Збірник науково-технічних статей


Збірник науково-технічних статей


Scopus - Yuzhnoye State Design Office publications


OpenAlex - Yuzhnoye State Design Office publications


Zenodo - Yuzhnoye State Design Office publications


ROAR - Yuzhnoye State Design Office repository record


ROR - Yuzhnoye State Design Office organization ID


Open Archives - Validate Site

Keywords cloud

Your browser doesn't support the HTML5 CANVAS tag.
]]>
4.1.2024 The dynamics of servo drives https://journal.yuzhnoye.com/content_2024_1-en/annot_4_1_2024-en/ Wed, 12 Jun 2024 16:08:46 +0000 https://journal.yuzhnoye.com/?page_id=34978
2024, (1); 29-39 DOI: https://doi.org/10.33136/stma2024.01.029 Language: Ukrainian Annotation: The article gives the analysis results for the servo drives dynamics, obtained from the theoretical calculations and during the development testing of the high power electric drives. Theoretical research was conducted, using the complete mathematical model of the servo drive, which included the equations of the control signal shaping path, electric motor, reducer and load. Key words: electric drive , servo drive , reducer , stability , mathematical model. electric drive , servo drive , reducer , stability , mathematical model.
]]>

4. The dynamics of servo drives

e-ISSN: 2617-5533

Page: Kosm. teh. Raket. vooruž. 2024, (1); 29-39

DOI: https://doi.org/10.33136/stma2024.01.029

Language: Ukrainian

Annotation: The article gives the analysis results for the servo drives dynamics, obtained from the theoretical calculations and during the development testing of the high power electric drives. Theoretical research was conducted, using the complete mathematical model of the servo drive, which included the equations of the control signal shaping path, electric motor, reducer and load. The equations of the control signal shaping network include only the characteristics of the compensating element in the assumption that all other delays in the transformation path are minimized. The electric motor equations are assumed in the classical form, taking into account the influence of the following main parameters on the motor dynamics: inductance and stator winding resistance, torque and armature reaction coefficients and rotor moment of inertia. Interaction of the motor with the multimass system of the reducer and load is presented in the form of force interaction of two masses – a reduced mass of the rotor and mass of the load through the certain equivalent rigidity of the kinematic chain. To describe the effect of gap in the kinematic connection the special computational trick, which considerably simplifies its mathematical description, is used. Efficiency of the reducer is presented in the form of the internal friction, proportional to the transmitted force. Calculation results with the application of the given mathematical model match well with the results of the full-scale testing of different specimens of servo drives, which makes it possible to use it for the development of new servomechanisms, as well as for the correct flight simulation when testing the aircraft control systems. In particular, based on the frequency response calculations of the closed circuit with the application of the given mathematical model, it is possible to define optimal parameters of the correcting circuit. Reaction on the step action with the various values of circular amplification coefficient in the circuit gives complete information on the stability regions of the closed circuit and influence of various drive parameters on these regions. Based on the conducted theoretical and experimental studies, the basic conclusions and recommendations were obtained and presented, accounting and implementation of which will provide high dynamic characteristics of the newly designed servo drives.

Key words: electric drive, servo drive, reducer, stability, mathematical model.

Bibliography:
  1. Kozak L. Dynamika servomechanismov raketnoy techniki. Inzhenernye metody issledovaniya. Izd-vo LAP LAMBERT Academic Publiching, Germania. 2022.
  2. Kozak L. R., Shakhov M. I. Matematicheskie modely hydravlicheskikh servomekhanismov raketno-kosmicheskoy techniki. Kosmicheskaya technika. Raketnoe vooruzhenie. 2019. Vyp. 1.
Downloads: 129
Abstract views: 
2211
0 citations in OpenAlex database (as of 04.03.2026 13:40)
0 citations in Scopus database (as of 17.03.2026 12:44)
0 citations in Zenodo database (as of 17.03.2026 12:44)
Dynamics of article downloads
Dynamics of abstract views
Downloads geography
CountryCityDownloads
USA Buffalo; San Jose; Cincinnati;; Raleigh; New York City; Cheyenne; Columbus; Ashburn; Ashburn; Ashburn; Ashburn; Detroit; Buffalo;; Buffalo; Buffalo; Dallas; Ashburn; Phoenix; Phoenix; Phoenix; Phoenix; Phoenix; Phoenix; Phoenix; Phoenix; Phoenix; Phoenix; Phoenix; Phoenix; Phoenix; Phoenix; Phoenix; Phoenix; Phoenix; Phoenix; Phoenix; Phoenix; Brookfield; Brookfield; El Monte; El Monte; El Monte; El Monte; Seattle; Ashburn; Ashburn; Ashburn; Ashburn; Seattle; Houston; Houston; Ashburn; Ashburn; Mountain View; Mountain View; Washington; Portland; Portland; San Mateo; San Mateo; San Mateo; Ashburn; Ashburn; Ashburn; Ashburn; Pompano Beach; Pompano Beach; Lakeside; Lakeside; Lakeside; Lakeside; Lakeside; Lakeside; San Francisco; San Francisco; Albany; Albany79
China Pekin; Nanjing; Tianjin; Zhengzhou; Shenzhen;; Pekin; Pekin; Hangzhou; Pekin10
Germany Falkenstein; Falkenstein; Falkenstein; Düsseldorf; Limburg an der Lahn; Falkenstein; Leipzig; Leipzig8
Singapore Singapore; Singapore; Singapore; Singapore; Singapore; Singapore6
France; Paris; Ivry-sur-Seine; Paris;5
Vietnam Hanoi;; Qui Nhon3
Canada Toronto; Toronto; Toronto3
The Republic of Korea; Seoul2
Ukraine Kremenchuk; Kremenchuk2
Argentina Esteban Echeverria; La Villa del Rosario2
Unknown;2
India Chiplun1
Brazil Botucatu1
Ivory Coast Abidjan1
Ecuador Naranjito1
Great Britain Leicester1
Netherlands Amsterdam1
Colombia Santiago de Cali1
Збірник науково-технічних статей


Збірник науково-технічних статей


Збірник науково-технічних статей


Збірник науково-технічних статей


Scopus - Yuzhnoye State Design Office publications


OpenAlex - Yuzhnoye State Design Office publications


Zenodo - Yuzhnoye State Design Office publications


ROAR - Yuzhnoye State Design Office repository record


ROR - Yuzhnoye State Design Office organization ID


Open Archives - Validate Site

Keywords cloud

Your browser doesn't support the HTML5 CANVAS tag.
]]>
18.1.2019 Designing of Servo Driver of Throttle Mechanisms and Fuel Flow Regulator of ILV Main Motor https://journal.yuzhnoye.com/content_2019_1-en/annot_18_1_2019-en/ Wed, 24 May 2023 16:00:39 +0000 https://journal.yuzhnoye.com/?page_id=27723
Mathematical modelling of the control processes is conducted according to the computational model, varying the circuit and design parameters of the electric drive.
]]>

18. Designing of Servo Driver of Throttle Mechanisms and Fuel Flow Regulator of ILV Main Motor

e-ISSN: 2617-5533

Organization:

Yangel Yuzhnoye State Design Office, Dnipro, Ukraine

Page: Kosm. teh. Raket. vooruž. 2019, (1); 122-131

DOI: https://doi.org/10.33136/stma2019.01.122

Language: Russian

Annotation: The basic results of the design calculations and mathematical modelling of the control processes in the precision high-speed servo drive are presented, as well as results of experimental studies of the functional mock-up of this servo drive’s movable gears of the throttle and fuel flow regulator of the ILV main engine. Major task of the studies was theoretical and experimental verification of the required static and dynamic accuracy of the servo drive in the process of try-out of the command signals reception from the main engine’s controller. In the phase of development, theoretical study of the linearized servo drive with application of transformations and theorems of Laplace passages to the limit is conducted. Analytical dependences between servo drive circuit parametres, its elements and characteristics of the control signals are obtained. Instrument errors and servostatic elasticity of the servo drive are calculated. Calculation model including the basic nonlinearities of this servo drive is prepared. Mathematical modelling of the control processes is conducted according to the computational model, varying the circuit and design parameters of the electric drive. Results of the theoretical studies were taken as input data for the requirements specification document to develop the executive unit with the electromotor, reduction gear and output shaft position sensor, and the control box. Functional mockups of the executive unit, control box, as well as the computer-controlled technological test console were manufactured on the basis of the requirements specification documents. The required scope of the laboratory-development tests of the functional mock-up of the servo drive was conducted. Results of the conducted activities confirm the achievement of the required accuracies of the servo drive in the laboratory environment.

Key words: control system, permanent-field synchronous motor, mathematical model, computational analysis

Bibliography:
1. Programma «Mayak», raketa kosmicheskogo naznacheniya, marsheviy dvigatel’ pervoi stupeni: Techn. proekt. Dnepropetrovsk: GP KB «Yuzhnoye», 2015. 490 p.
2. Controller marshevogo dvigatelya pervoi stupeni RKN: Poyasnitelnaya zapiska. Dnepr: GP KB «Yuzhnoye», 2017. 108 p.
3. Marsheviy dvigatel pervoi stupeni RKN: Technicheskoe zadanie na razrabotku electromechanicheskogo privoda mechanizmov drosselya i regulyatora raschoda goryuchego. Dnepr: GP KB «Yuzhnoye», 2016. 68 p.
4. Basharin A. V., Novikov V. A., Sokolovskiy G. G. Upravlenie electroprivodami: Uch. posob. dlya VUZov. L.: Energoizdat, 1982. 392 p.
5. Makarov I. M., Menskiy B. M. Lineinye avtomaticheskie systemy. – 2-e izd., pererab. i dop. M.: Mashinostroenie, 1982. 504 p.
6. Otchet po rezultatam ispytania maketnogo obraztsa electromechanicheskogo privoda mechanizmov drosselya i regulyatora goruchego. Dnepr: GP KB «Yuzhnoye», 2018. 50 p.
Downloads: 133
Abstract views: 
1395
0 citations in OpenAlex database (as of 04.03.2026 22:36)
0 citations in Scopus database (as of 17.03.2026 12:44)
0 citations in Zenodo database (as of 17.03.2026 12:44)
Dynamics of article downloads
Dynamics of abstract views
Downloads geography
CountryCityDownloads
USA Boardman; Baltimore;; North Bergen;; Plano; Dublin; Dublin; Columbus; Ashburn; Phoenix; Phoenix; Phoenix; Phoenix; Phoenix; Phoenix; Phoenix; Phoenix; Phoenix; Phoenix; Phoenix; Phoenix; Phoenix; Phoenix; Phoenix; Phoenix; Phoenix; Phoenix; Phoenix; Phoenix; Phoenix; Phoenix; Phoenix; Monroe; El Monte; El Monte; El Monte; El Monte; Ashburn; Seattle; Ashburn; Ashburn; Ashburn; Ashburn; Ashburn; Ashburn; Ashburn; Mountain View; Tappahannock; Ashburn; Ashburn; Portland; Portland; Portland; San Mateo; San Mateo; San Mateo; San Mateo; San Mateo; San Mateo; Ashburn; Des Moines; Boardman; Ashburn; Ashburn; Ashburn; Pompano Beach; Lakeside; Lakeside; Lakeside; Lakeside; San Francisco; San Francisco; San Francisco; Albany; Albany; Seattle77
Singapore Singapore; Singapore; Singapore; Singapore; Singapore; Singapore; Singapore; Singapore; Singapore; Singapore; Singapore; Singapore; Singapore; Singapore; Singapore; Singapore; Singapore; Singapore; Singapore19
Vietnam Hanoi; Buon Ma Thuot; Pleiku;; Da Nang; Can Tho; Hanoi; Hanoi8
Unknown; Melbourne; Perth; Hong Kong; Hong Kong;6
China; Pekin; Nanjing;;5
Canada Toronto; Toronto; Toronto; Toronto4
Germany Falkenstein; Falkenstein; Falkenstein3
France Paris; Paris; Paris3
Netherlands Amsterdam; Amsterdam2
Algeria Algiers1
Denmark1
Brazil Lencois Paulista1
Mongolia Ulan Bator1
Romania Voluntari1
Ukraine Dnipro1
Збірник науково-технічних статей


Збірник науково-технічних статей


Збірник науково-технічних статей


Збірник науково-технічних статей


Scopus - Yuzhnoye State Design Office publications


OpenAlex - Yuzhnoye State Design Office publications


Zenodo - Yuzhnoye State Design Office publications


ROAR - Yuzhnoye State Design Office repository record


ROR - Yuzhnoye State Design Office organization ID


Open Archives - Validate Site

Keywords cloud

Your browser doesn't support the HTML5 CANVAS tag.
]]>