Keywords cloud
The structure of the mathematical model was given along with the calculation sequence of the criterion function that was used for determination of the optimal parameters, programs and characteristics. The mathematical model of the guided missile provides adequate accuracy for design study to determine depending on the main design parameters: overall dimensions and mass characteristics of the guided missile in general and its structural comp onents and subsystems; power, thrust and consumption characteristics of the rocket motor; aerodynamic and ballistic characteristics of the guided missile.
]]>2. Analysis of development trends of design parameters and basic characteristics of missiles for the advanced multiple launch rocket systems
Organization:
Yangel Yuzhnoye State Design Office, Dnipro, Ukraine1; The Institute of Technical Mechanics, Dnipro, Ukraine2
Page: Kosm. teh. Raket. vooruž. 2020, (1); 13-25
DOI: https://doi.org/10.33136/stma2020.01.013
Language: Russian
Annotation: The scientific and methodological propositions for the designing single-stage guided missiles with the solid rocket motors for advanced multiple launch rocket systems are defined. The guided missiles of multiple launch rocket system are intended for delivering munitions to the given spatial point with required and specified kinematic motion parameters at the end of flight. The aim of the article is an analysis of the development trends of the guided missiles with the solid rocket motors for the multiple launch rocket systems, identifying the characteristics and requirements for the flight trajectories, design parameters, control programs, overall dimensions and mass characteristics, structural layout and aerodynamic schemes of missiles. The formalization of the complex task to optimize design parameters, trajectory parameters and motion control programs for the guided missiles capable of flying along the ballistic, aeroballistic or combined trajectories is given. The complex task belongs to a problem of the optimal control theory with limitations in form of equa lity, inequality and differential constraints. To simplify the problem, an approach to program forming is proposed for motion control in the form of polynomial that brings the problem of the optimal control theory to a simpler problem of nonlinear mathematical programming. When trajectory parameters were calculated the missile was regarded as a material point of variable mass and the combined equations for center-of-mass motion of the guided missile with projections on axes of the terrestrial reference system were used. The structure of the mathematical model was given along with the calculation sequence of the criterion function that was used for determination of the optimal parameters, programs and characteristics. The mathematical model of the guided missile provides adequate accuracy for design study to determine depending on the main design parameters: overall dimensions and mass characteristics of the guided missile in general and its structural comp onents and subsystems; power, thrust and consumption characteristics of the rocket motor; aerodynamic and ballistic characteristics of the guided missile. The developed methodology was tested by determining design and trajectory parameters, overall dimensions and mass characteristics, power and ballistic characteristics of two guided missiles with wings for advanced multiple launch rocket systems produced by the People’s Republic of China, using the limited amount of information available in the product catalog.
Key words: multiple launch rocket systems (MLRS), complex problem of the optimal control theory, problem of nonlinear mathematical programming, main solid rocket motor, limitations for motion parameters and basic characteristics of the guided missiles
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20. Burov М. А., Varfolomeev V. I., Volkov L. I. Proektirovanie i ispytanie ballisticheskikh raket / pod red. V. I. Varfolomeeva, М. I. Kopytova. М., 1970. 392 s.
21. Siutkina-Doronina S. V. K voprosu optimizatsii proektnykh parametrov i programm upravleniia raketnogo ob’ekta s raketnym dvigatelem na tverdom toplive. Aviatsionno-kosmicheskaia tekhnika i tekhnologiia. 2017. № 2 (137). S. 44–59.
22. Aksenenko A. V., Baranov E. Yu., Hursky A. I., Klochkov A. S., Morozov A. S., Alpatov A. P., Senkin V. S., Siutkina-Doronina S. V. Metodicheskoe obespechenie dlia optimizatsii na nachalnom etape proektirovaniia proektnykh parametrov, parametrov traektorii i programm upravleniia dvizheniem raketnogo ob’ekta. Kosmicheskaia tekhnika. Raketnoe vooruzhenie: sb. nauch.-tekhn. st. / GP “KB “Yuzhnoye”. Dnipro, 2018. Vyp. 2 (116). S. 101–116. https://doi.org/10.33136/stma2018.02.101
23. Metodicheskoe obespechenie dlia optimizatsii na nachalnom etape proektirovaniia proektnykh parametrov, programm upravleniia, ballisticheskikh, energeticheskikh i gabaritno-massovykh kharakteristik upravliaemykh raketnykh ob’ektov, osushchestvliaiushchikh dvizhenie po aeroballisticheskoi traektorii: otchet po NIR / ITM NANU i GKAU, GP “KB “Yuzhnoye”. Dnepropetrovsk, 2017. 159 S.
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25. Alpatov A. P., Senkin V. S. Metodicheskoe obespechenie dlia vybora oblika, optimizatsii proektnykh parametrov i programm upravleniia poletom rakety-nositelia. Tekhnicheskaia mekhanika. 2013. № 4. S. 146–161.
26. Alpatov A. P., Senkin V. S. Kompleksnaia zadacha optimizatsii osnovnykh proektnykh parametrov i programm upravleniia dvizheniem raket kosmicheskogo naznacheniia. Tekhnicheskaia mekhanika. 2011. № 4. S. 98–113.
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32. Shishkov А. А. Gasodinamika porokhovykh raketnykh dvigatelei: inzhenernye metody rascheta. М., 1974. 156 s.
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The work proposes a comprehensive mathematical model for managing the quality of technical preparation for the production of joints based on a quantitative assessment of the properties of the main manufacturing processes. Key words: composite parts , joints with metal tips , process properties , quantitative assessment , mathematical model , control and controlled parameters , control algorithms. composite parts , joints with metal tips , process properties , quantitative assessment , mathematical model , control and controlled parameters , control algorithms.
]]>13. Model of quality management of technical preparation for the metal+composite joints production
Organization: Kharkiv Aviation Institute, Kharkiv, Ukraine
Page: Kosm. teh. Raket. vooruž. 2024, (1); 114-120
DOI: https://doi.org/10.33136/stma2024.01.114
Language: Ukrainian
Annotation: Modern aerospace structures widely use parts, panels and assemblies made of composites. Connecting them to metal tips is quite complicated problem. Known conventional methods of joints using bolts, rivets and adhesive ones do not meet the requirements for a number of reasons related to restrictions on weight, dimensions of joints, their reliability and manufacturability. In the world practice of such joints, many design and technological solutions for “metal+composite” joints are known. Among them, metal-composite heterogeneous connections with transversal fastening joints most fully meet the technical requirements. To connect composite tips of different structures with different shapes and grades of alloys of metal fittings, monolithic (with metal tips) fastening elements, pins (cylindrical, conical, pyramidal, etc.) and sheet microelements are used. The latter are attached to the metal tips in different ways. The microelements themselves can have different shapes from the top view and in longitudinal section. Depending on the direction and type of transmitted loads, the structure of the arrangement of elements on the surface of the metal tip can be different. In such multifactorial conditions, technical preparation of production, including design and technological preparation, is a complex task. It is necessary to consider that the goals of the production of such equipment may differ significantly – prototype (single piece) or mass production with different requirements for them. It is quite difficult to organize such production with technical preparation of high-quality production without a quality management model for the preparation process. The work proposes a comprehensive mathematical model for managing the quality of technical preparation for the production of joints based on a quantitative assessment of the properties of the main manufacturing processes. The controlled parameter in it is a complex quality index, and the controlling parameter is the weight factor of group or individual properties of the component processes. Setting the values of the weight coefficient of a particular property is carried out using an expert or analytical method in the range of values 0…1.0. In this case, the controlled parameter varies within 0.5…3.5. The indicated values are verified by calculation for different joint materials and processes of forming fastening microelements. Conclusions are drawn about the sufficient effectiveness of quality management of technical preparation for the production of metal+composite joints.
Key words: composite parts, joints with metal tips, process properties, quantitative assessment, mathematical model, control and controlled parameters, control algorithms.
Bibliography:
1. Karpov Ya. S. Soedineniya detalej i agregatov iz kompozicionnyh materialov. Har’kov: Nac. aerokosm. un-t im. N. E. Zhukovskogo «HAI», 2006. 359 с. ISBN 966-662-133-9.
2. Vorobej V. V., Sirotkin O. S. Soedineniya konstrukcij iz kompozicionnyh materialov. L.: Mashinostroenie, 1985. 168 p.
3. Bulanov I. M. Tekhnologiya raketnyh i aerokosmicheskih konstrukcij iz kompozici-onnyh materialov: ucheb. dlya vuzov. M.: MGTU im. N.E. Baumana, 1998. 516 p. ISBN 5-7038-1319-0.
4. Eduardo E. Feistauer, Jorge F. dos Santos, Sergio T. Amancio-Filho. A review on direct assembly of through-the-thickness reinforced metal–polymer composite hybrid structures. Polymer Engineering and Science, Published: April 2019. Vol. 59, Issue 4. Р. 661 – 674. https://doi.org/10. 1002/pen.25022.
5. Anna Galińska, Cezary Galiński. Mechanical Joining of Fibre Reinforced Polymer Composites to Metals–A Review. Part II: Riveting, Clinching, Non-Adhesive Form-Locked Joints, Pin and Loop Joining / Polymers. Published 28 July 2020, Vol. 12(8). Issue 1681. Р. 1 – 40. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym12081681. https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/12/8/1681/htm.
6. Azgaldov G. The ABC of Qualimetry Toolkit for measuring the immeasurable. G. Azgaldov, A. Kostin, A. Padilla Omiste, Ridero, 2015, 167 p. ISBN 978-5-4474-2248-6, http://www.labrate.ru/kostin/20150831_the_abc_of_qualimetry-text-CC-BY-SA.pdf.
7. Taranenko M. E. Kvalimetriya v listovoj shtampovke : uchebnik. Harkov: Nac. aerokosm. un-t im. N. E. Zhukovskogo «Hark. aviac. in-t», 2015. 133 s.
8. Ovodenko Anatoliy, Ivakin Yan, Frolova Elena, Smirnova Maria. Qualimetric model for assessing the impact of the level of development of corporate information systems on the quality of aerospace instrumentation. SES-2020, E3S Web of Conferences 220, 01017 (2020). 5 p. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202022001017.
9. Taranenko I. M. Sravnitel’nyj analiz konstruktivno-tekhnologicheskih reshenij soedinenij metall-kompozit. Aviacionno-kosmicheskaya tekhnika i tekhnologiya. Nauchno-tekhnicheskij zhurnal. Vyp. 4(139). H.: HAI, 2017. Р. 40-49.
10. Krivoruchko A. V. Mekhanicheskaya obrabotka kompozicionnyh materialov pri sborke letatel’nyh apparatav (analiticheskij obzor): monografiya. A. V. Krivoruchko, V. A. Zaloga, V. A. Kolesnik i dr.; pod. obshch. red. prof. V. A. Zalogi. Sumy: «Universitetskaya kniga», 2013. 272 p. ISBN 978-680-694-2.
11. Spravochnik tehnologa-mashinostroitelya. T. 1. Pod red. A. M. Dalskogo, A. G. Kosilovoj, R. K. Mesheryakova. M.: Mashinostroenie, 2003. 656 s.
12. Spravochnik tehnologa-mashinostroitelya. T. 2. Pod red. A.M. Dalskogo, A.G. Kosilovoj, R.K. Mesheryakova. M.: Mashinostroenie, 2003. 944 s.
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Keywords cloud
To assess the risk of toxic damage to a person located at a certain point, it is necessary to mathematically describe the zone within which a potential impact of the failed LV/ILV will entail toxic damage to the person (the so-called zone of dangerous impact of the failed LV/ILV). A generalization of the developed model for identifying the risk of toxic damage to people involves taking into account various types of critical failures that can lead to the fall of the failed LV/ILV, and blocking emergency engine shutdown during the initial flight phase. A zone dangerous for people was constructed using the proposed model for the case of the failure of the Dnepr launch vehicle, where the risks of toxic damage exceed the permissible level (10–6).
]]>5. Assessment of risk of toxic damage to people in case of a launch vehicle accident at flight
Organization:
Page: Kosm. teh. Raket. vooruž. 2024, (1); 40-50
DOI: https://doi.org/10.33136/stma2024.01.040
Language: English
Annotation: Despite stringent environmental requirements, modern launch vehicles/integrated launch vehicles (LV/ILV)
burn toxic propellants such as NTO and UDMH. Typically, such propellants are used in the LV/ILV upper
stages, where a small amount of propellant is contained; however, some LV/ILV still use such fuel in all
sustainer propulsion stages. For launch vehicles containing toxic rocket propellants, flight accidents may result
in the failed launch vehicle falling to the Earth’s surface, forming large zones of chemical damage to people
(the zones may exceed blast and fire zones). This is typical for accidents occurring in the first stage flight
segment, when an intact launch vehicle or its components (usually individual stages) with rocket propellants
will reach the Earth’s surface. An explosion and fire following such an impact will most likely lead to a massive
release of toxicant and contamination of the surface air. An accident during the flight segment of the LV/ILV
first stage with toxic rocket propellants, equipped with a flight termination system that implements emergency
engine shutdown in case of detection of an emergency situation, has been considered. To assess the risk
of toxic damage to a person located at a certain point, it is necessary to mathematically describe the zone
within which a potential impact of the failed LV/ILV will entail toxic damage to the person (the so-called zone
of dangerous impact of the failed LV/ILV). The complexity of this lies in the need to take into account the
characteristics of the atmosphere, primarily the wind. Using the zone of toxic damage to people during the fall
of the failed launch vehicle, which is proposed to be represented by a combination of two figures: a semicircle
and a half-ellipse, the corresponding zone of dangerous impact of the failed LV/ILV is constructed. Taking into
account the difficulties of writing the analytical expressions for these figures during the transition to the launch
coordinate system and further integration when identifying the risk, in practical calculations we propose to
approximate the zone of dangerous impact of the failed LV/ILV using a polygon. This allows using a known
procedure to identify risks. A generalization of the developed model for identifying the risk of toxic damage
to people involves taking into account various types of critical failures that can lead to the fall of the failed
LV/ILV, and blocking emergency engine shutdown during the initial flight phase. A zone dangerous for people
was constructed using the proposed model for the case of the failure of the Dnepr launch vehicle, where the
risks of toxic damage exceed the permissible level (10–6). The resulting danger zone significantly exceeds the
danger zone caused by the damaging effect of the blast wave. Directions for further improvement of the model
are shown, related to taking into account the real distribution of the toxicant in the atmosphere and a person’s
exposure to a certain toxic dose.
Key words: launch vehicle, critical failure, flight accident, zone of toxic damage to people, zone of dangerous impact of the failed launch vehicle, risk of toxic damage to people.
Bibliography:
- Hladkiy E. H. Protsedura otsenky poletnoy bezopasnosti raket-nositeley, ispolzuyuschaya geometricheskoe predstavlenie zony porazheniya obiekta v vide mnogougolnika. Kosmicheskaya technika. Raketnoe vooruzhenie: sb. nauch.-techn. st. Dnepropetrovsk: GP «KB «Yuzhnoye», 2015. Vyp. 3. S. 50 – 56. [Hladkyi E. Procedure for evaluation of flight safety of launch vehicles, which uses geometric representation of object lesion zone in the form of a polygon. Space Technology. Missile Weapons: Digest of Scientific Technical Papers. Dnipro: Yuzhnoye SDO, 2015. Issue 3. Р. 50 – 56. (in Russian)].
- Hladkiy E. H., Perlik V. I. Vybor interval vremeni blokirovki avariynogo vyklucheniya dvigatelya na nachalnom uchastke poleta pervoy stupeni. Kosmicheskaya technika. Raketnoe vooruzhenie: sb. nauch.-tech. st. Dnepropetrovsk: GP «KB «Yuzhnoye», 2011. Vyp. 2. s. 266 – 280. [Hladkyi E., Perlik V. Selection of time interval for blocking of emergency engine cut off in the initial flight leg of first stage. Space Technology. Missile Weapons: Digest of Scientific Technical Papers. Dnipro: Yuzhnoye SDO, 2011. Issue 2. Р. 266 – 280. (in Russian)].
- Hladkiy E. H., Perlik V. I. Matematicheskie modeli otsenki riska dlya nazemnykh obiektov pri puskakh raket-nositeley. Kosmicheskaya technika. Raketnoe vooruzhenie: sb. nauch.-techn. st. Dnepropetrovsk: GP «KB «Yuzhnoye», 2010. Vyp. 2. S. 3 – 19. [Hladkyi E., Perlik V. Mathematic models for evaluation of risk for ground objects during launches of launch-vehicles. Space Technology. Missile Weapons: Digest of Scientific Technical Papers. Dnipro: Yuzhnoye SDO, 2010. Issue 2. P. 3 – 19. (in Russian)].
- NPAOP 0.00-1.66-13. Pravila bezpeki pid chas povodzhennya z vybukhovymy materialamy promyslovogo pryznachennya. Nabrav chynnosti 13.08.2013. 184 s [Safety rules for handling explosive substances for industrial purposes. Consummated 13.08.2013. 184 p.
(in Ukranian)]. - AFSCPMAN 91-710 RangeSafetyUserRequirements. Vol. 1. 2016 [Internet resource]. Link : http://static.e-publishing.af.mil/production/1/afspc/publicating/
afspcman91-710v1/afspcman91-710. V. 1. pdf. - 14 CFR. Chapter III. Commercial space transportation, Federal aviation administration, Department of transportation, Subchapter C – Licensing, part 417 – Launch Safety, 2023 [Internet resource]. Link: http://law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/14/part-417.
- 14 CFR. Chapter III. Commercial space transportation, Federal aviation administration, Department of transportation, Subchapter C – Licensing, part 420 License to Operate a Launch Site. 2022 [Internet resource]. Link: http://law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/14/part-420.
- ISO 14620-1:2018 Space systems – Safety requirements. Part 1: System safety.
- 9 GOST 12.1.005-88. Systema standartov bezopasnosti truda. Obschie sanitarno-gigienicheskie trebovaniya k vozdukhu rabochei zony. [GOST 12.1.005-88. Labor safety standards system. General sanitary and hygienic requirements to air of working zone].
- 10 Rukovodyaschiy material po likvidatsii avarijnykh bolshykh prolivov okislitelya АТ (АК) i goruchego NDMG. L.:GIPKh, 1981, 172 s. [Guidelines on elimination of large spillages of oxidizer NTO and fuel UDMH. L.:GIPH, 1981, 172 p. (in Russian)].
- 11 Kolichestvennaya otsenka riska chimicheskykh avariy. Kolodkin V. M., Murin A. V., Petrov A. K., Gorskiy V. G. Pod red. Kolodkina V. M. Izhevsk: Izdatelskiy dom «Udmurtskiy universitet», 2001. 228 s. [Quantitative risk assessment of accident at chemical plant. Kolodkin V., Murin A., Petrov A., Gorskiy V. Edited by Kolodkin V. Izhevsk: Udmurtsk’s University. Publish house, 2001. 228 p. (in Russian)].
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Keywords cloud
Theoretical research was conducted, using the complete mathematical model of the servo drive, which included the equations of the control signal shaping path, electric motor, reducer and load. Calculation results with the application of the given mathematical model match well with the results of the full-scale testing of different specimens of servo drives, which makes it possible to use it for the development of new servomechanisms, as well as for the correct flight simulation when testing the aircraft control systems. In particular, based on the frequency response calculations of the closed circuit with the application of the given mathematical model, it is possible to define optimal parameters of the correcting circuit. Key words: electric drive , servo drive , reducer , stability , mathematical model. electric drive , servo drive , reducer , stability , mathematical model.
]]>4. The dynamics of servo drives
Organization:
Page: Kosm. teh. Raket. vooruž. 2024, (1); 29-39
DOI: https://doi.org/10.33136/stma2024.01.029
Language: Ukrainian
Annotation: The article gives the analysis results for the servo drives dynamics, obtained from the theoretical calculations
and during the development testing of the high power electric drives. Theoretical research was conducted,
using the complete mathematical model of the servo drive, which included the equations of the control
signal shaping path, electric motor, reducer and load. The equations of the control signal shaping network
include only the characteristics of the compensating element in the assumption that all other delays in the
transformation path are minimized. The electric motor equations are assumed in the classical form, taking into
account the influence of the following main parameters on the motor dynamics: inductance and stator winding
resistance, torque and armature reaction coefficients and rotor moment of inertia. Interaction of the motor with
the multimass system of the reducer and load is presented in the form of force interaction of two masses –
a reduced mass of the rotor and mass of the load through the certain equivalent rigidity of the kinematic chain.
To describe the effect of gap in the kinematic connection the special computational trick, which considerably
simplifies its mathematical description, is used. Efficiency of the reducer is presented in the form of the internal
friction, proportional to the transmitted force. Calculation results with the application of the given mathematical
model match well with the results of the full-scale testing of different specimens of servo drives, which makes
it possible to use it for the development of new servomechanisms, as well as for the correct flight simulation
when testing the aircraft control systems. In particular, based on the frequency response calculations of the
closed circuit with the application of the given mathematical model, it is possible to define optimal parameters
of the correcting circuit. Reaction on the step action with the various values of circular amplification coefficient
in the circuit gives complete information on the stability regions of the closed circuit and influence of various
drive parameters on these regions. Based on the conducted theoretical and experimental studies, the basic
conclusions and recommendations were obtained and presented, accounting and implementation of which will
provide high dynamic characteristics of the newly designed servo drives.
Key words: electric drive, servo drive, reducer, stability, mathematical model.
Bibliography:
- Kozak L. Dynamika servomechanismov raketnoy techniki. Inzhenernye metody issledovaniya. Izd-vo LAP LAMBERT Academic Publiching, Germania. 2022.
- Kozak L. R., Shakhov M. I. Matematicheskie modely hydravlicheskikh servomekhanismov raketno-kosmicheskoy techniki. Kosmicheskaya technika. Raketnoe vooruzhenie. 2019. Vyp. 1.
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Keywords cloud
The purpose of this work is to develop mathematical dependences for calculation of dynamic characteristics. The dynamic model is presented and the algebraic relations to determine natural frequencies of the drive are given. Sovershenstvovanie rabochikh characteristic struino-reaktivnogo pnevmoagregata na osnove utochneniya modeli rabochego processa: dis. Matematichne modelyuvannya processiv ta system mechaniki. Dynamicheskaya model’ sharikovintovoi pary/ Izv. The Dynamics of Lead-Screw Drivers: Low-Order Modeling and Experiments /Journal of Dynamic System, Measurement and Control.
]]>10. Dynamic performance of the gas drive with jet motor
Organization:
Yangel Yuzhnoye State Design Office, Dnipro, Ukraine
Page: Kosm. teh. Raket. vooruž. 2019, (2); 71-79
DOI: https://doi.org/10.33136/stma2019.02.071
Language: Russian
Annotation: The use of servo drives on flying vehicles determines the requirements to their dynamic characteristics. The problems of dynamics of drive with jet motor are not practically covered in publications. The task arises of selection of structure and parameters of devices consisting of several subsystems whose dynamic characteristics must be brought into agreement with each other in optimal way. The purpose of this work is to develop mathematical dependences for calculation of dynamic characteristics. The functional arrangement of the drive is considered consisting of jet motor based on Segner wheel with de Laval nozzle, mechanical transmission, pneumatic distributing device – jet pipe controlled by electromechanical converter. The layout is presented of mechanical segment of servo drive with jet motor with screw-nut transmission. The dynamic model is presented and the algebraic relations to determine natural frequencies of the drive are given. The motion equations of output rod at full composition of load are given. Using Lagrange transformation as applied to ball screw transmission, the expression for reduced mass of output element was derived. The reduced mass of load depends on the jet motor design and exerts basic influence on the drive’s natural frequencies. The evaluation is given of reduced mass change from the jet motor moment of inertia and reducer transmission coefficient. Based on the proposed algorithms, the dynamic characteristics of servo drive were constructed: transient process and amplitude-frequency characteristic. The drive has relatively low pass band, which is explained by the value of reduced mass of load.
Key words: pneumatic drive, functional arrangement, hydrodynamic force, reduced mass, Lagrange transformations, ball screw transmission, transient process, frequency characteristic
Bibliography:
1. Pnevmoprivod system upravleniya letatelnykh apparatov /V. A. Chaschin, O. T. Kamladze, A. B. Kondratiev at al. M., 1987. 248 s.
2. Berezhnoy A. S. Sovershenstvovanie rabochikh characteristic struino-reaktivnogo pnevmoagregata na osnove utochneniya modeli rabochego processa: dis. cand. techn. nauk: 05.05.17. Zaschischena 03.10.14. Sumy, 2014. 157 s.
3. Oleinik V. P., Yelanskiy Yu. A., Kovalenko V. N. et al. Staticheskie characteristiki gazovogo privoda so struinym dvigatelem /Kosmicheskaya technika. Raketnoe vooruzhenie: Sb. nauch.-techn. st. 2016. Vyp. 2. S. 21-27.
4. Abramovich G. N. Prikladnaya gazovaya dynamika. M., 1976. 888 s.
5. Strutinskiy V. B. Matematichne modelyuvannya processiv ta system mechaniki. Zhitomir, 2001. 612 s.
6. Shalamov A. V., Mazein P. G. Dynamicheskaya model’ sharikovintovoi pary/ Izv. Chelyabinskogo nauchnogo centra UrO RAN. №4. Chelyabinsk, 2002. S.161-170.
7. Kripa K.Varanasi, Samir A. Nayfer. The Dynamics of Lead-Screw Drivers: Low-Order Modeling and Experiments /Journal of Dynamic System, Measurement and Control. June 2004. Vol. 126. P. 388-395. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.1771690
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Keywords cloud
Mathematical models for assessment of safety in the impact area of cluster ammunition of the warhead during missile complex testing Authors: Hladkyi E. In the paper, two mathematical models are proposed to assess probability of killing (risk) a ship that may be present in the impact area of submunitions (submunitions equivalents) of cassette warhead. (2019) "Mathematical models for assessment of safety in the impact area of cluster ammunition of the warhead during missile complex testing" Космическая техника. "Mathematical models for assessment of safety in the impact area of cluster ammunition of the warhead during missile complex testing" Космическая техника. quot;Mathematical models for assessment of safety in the impact area of cluster ammunition of the warhead during missile complex testing", Космическая техника. Mathematical models for assessment of safety in the impact area of cluster ammunition of the warhead during missile complex testing Автори: Hladkyi E.
]]>2. Mathematical models for assessment of safety in the impact area of cluster ammunition of the warhead during missile complex testing
Organization:
Yangel Yuzhnoye State Design Office, Dnipro, Ukraine
Page: Kosm. teh. Raket. vooruž. 2019 (2); 11-17
DOI: https://doi.org/10.33136/stma2019.02.011
Language: Russian
Annotation: One of the main types of arming of modern tactical and short-range missiles are cassette warheads based on nonguided blast-fragmentation submunitions that are widely used to kill group targets. The fullscale testing (flight tests) is an integral part of their creation. In the process of flight tests of tactical and shortrange missiles with cassette warheads, the safety issues are topical. Based on the capabilities of existing test ranges, it is planned to conduct such tests for the tactical and short-range missiles, being under development in Ukraine, in the Black sea water area where the cassette warheads with nonguided blastfragmentation submunitions (or their equivalents) will pose major hazard for ships. In the paper, two mathematical models are proposed to assess probability of killing (risk) a ship that may be present in the impact area of submunitions (submunitions equivalents) of cassette warhead. The first model was constructed in the assumption that the coverage area of cassette warhead and group dispersion of submunitions are known. Such model may be used to determine safety in the initial phases of cassette warheads development. The second model assumes that the configuration of cassette warhead and the scheme of submunitions firing were finalized, and accordingly, the nominal impact points of submunitions and their group and ind ividual dispersion are considered to be known. Practical application of both models requires the use of numerical procedures.
Key words: flight safety, flight tests, cassette warheards
Bibliography:
1. Balaganskiy I. A., Merzhievskiy L. A. Deistvie sredstv porazheniya i boepripasov: ucheb. Novosibirsk, 2004. 408 s.
2 Gradstein I. S., Ryzhik I. M. Tablitsy integralov, summ, ryadov i proizvedeniy. M., 1963. 1100 s.
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Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences. Sovershenstvovaniie turboustanovok metodami matematicheskogo i fizicheskogo modelirovaniia: sb.
]]>18. Development of autonomous power engineering systems with hydrogen energy storage
Organization:
Pidgorny A. Intsitute of Mechanical Engineering Problems, Kharkiv, Ukraine1; Yangel Yuzhnoye State Design Office, Dnipro, Ukraine2
Page: Kosm. teh. Raket. vooruž. 2020, (1); 160-169
DOI: https://doi.org/10.33136/stma2020.01.160
Language: Russian
Annotation: The article analyzes the energy potential of alternative sources of Ukraine. The projects using hydrogen technologies aimed at attracting solar energy to the infrastructure of energy technological complexes, in particular water desalination systems and for refueling automobile vehicles located in areas with high solar radiation potential, are considered. During the operation of water desalination plants using a solar power station as an energy source, contingencies are very likely to arise due to either a power outage (due to cloudy weather) or an emergency failure of individual elements of the system. In this case, it is required to ensure its removal from service without loss of technological capabilities (operability). For this purpose, it is necessary to provide for the inclusion in the technological scheme of the energy technological complex of an additional element that ensures operation of the unit for a given time, determined by the regulations for its operation. As such an element, a buffer system based on a hydrogen energy storage device is proposed. The current level of hydrogen technologies that are implemented in electrochemical plants developed at the Institute of Mechanical Engineering named after A. N. Podgorny of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine allows producing and accumulating the hydrogen under high pressure, which eliminates the use of compressor technology.
Key words: alternative energy sources, hydrogen, solar energy, hydrogen generator
Bibliography:
1. Syvolapov V. Potentsial vidnovliuvanykh dzherel enerhii v Ukraini. Agroexpert. 2016. № 12 (101). S. 74–77.
2. Züttel A., Remhof A., Borgschulte A., Friedrichs O. Hydrogen: the future energy carrier. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences. 2010. № 368(1923). Р. 3329–3342. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2010.0113
3. Vozobnovliaemaia energetika. URL: https://nv.ua/tags/vozobnovljaemaja-enerhetika.htmt (access date: 27.01.2020).
4. Sherif S. A., Barbir F., Veziroglu T. N. Wind energy and the hydrogen economy-review of the technology. Solar energy. 2005. № 78(5). P. 647–660. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2005.01.002
5. Schlapbach L. Technology: Hydrogen-fuelled vehicles. Nature. 2009. № 460(7257). P. 809. https://doi.org/10.1038/460809a
6. Shevchenko A. A., Zipunnikov M. М., Kotenko А. L., Vorobiova I. O., Semykin V. M. Study of the Influence of Operating Conditions on High Pressure Electrolyzer Efficiency. Journal of Mechanical Engineering. 2019. Vol. 22, № 4. P. 53–60. https://doi.org/10.15407/pmach2019.04.053
7. Clarke R. E., Giddey S., Ciacchi F. T., Badwal S. P. S., Paul B., Andrews J. Direct coupling of an electrolyser to a solar PV system for generating hydrogen. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. 2009. № 34(6). P. 2531–2542. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2009.01.053
8. Kunusch C., Puleston P. F., Mayosky M. A., Riera J. Sliding mode strategy for PEM fuel cells stacks breathing control using a super-twisting algorithm. IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology. 2009. № 17(1). P. 167–174. https://doi.org/10.1109/TCST.2008.922504
9. Mazloomi K., Gomes C. Hydrogen as an energy carrier: Prospects and challenges. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 2012. № 16. P. 3024–3033. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2012.02.028
10. Sharma S., Ghoshal S. K. Hydrogen the future transportation fuel: From production to applications. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 2015. № 43. P. 1151–1158. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2014.11.093
11. Prystrii dlia oderzhannia vodniu vysokoho tysku: pat. 103681 Ukraina: MPK6 S 25V 1/12 / V. V. Solovey, A. A. Shevchenko, A. L. Kotenko, O. О. Makarov (Ukrajina). № 2011 15332; zajavl. 26.12.2011; opubl. 10.07.2013, Biul. № 21. 4 s.
12. Shevchenko А. А. Ispolzovanie ELAELov v avtonomnykh energoustanovkakh, kharakterizuyushchikhsia neravnomernostju energopostupleniia. Aviatsionno-kosmicheskaia tekhnika i technologiia: sb. nauch. tr. 1999. Vyp. 13. S. 111–116.
13. Solovey V. V., Zhirov А. S., Shevchenko А. А. Vliianie rezhimnykh faktorov na effektivnost elektrolizera vysokogo davleniia. Sovershenstvovaniie turboustanovok metodami matematicheskogo i fizicheskogo modelirovaniia: sb. nauch. tr. 2003. S. 250–254.
14. Solovey V., Kozak L., Shevchenko A., Zipunnikov M., Campbell R., Seamon F. Hydrogen technology of energy storage making use of windpower potential. Problemy Mashinostroyeniya. Journal of Mechanical Engineering. 2017. Vol. 20, № 1. P. 62–68. https://doi.org/10.17721/fujcV6I2P73-79
15. Solovey V. V., Kotenko А. L., Vorobiova I. О., Shevchenko A. А., Zipunnikov M. М. Osnovnye printsipy raboty i algoritm upravleniya bezmembrannym elektrolizerom vysokogo davleniia. Problemy mashinostroyeniia. 2018. T. 21, №. 4. S. 57–63. https://doi.org/10.15407/pmach2018.04.057
16. Solovey V., Khiem N. T., Zipunnikov M. M., Shevchenko A. A. Improvement of the Membraneless Electrolysis Technology for Hydrogen and Oxygen Generation. French-Ukrainian Journal of Chemistry. 2018. Vol. 6, № 2. P. 73–79. https://doi.org/10.17721/fujcV6I2P73-79
17. Solovey V., Zipunnikov N., Shevchenko A., Vorobjova I., Kotenko A. Energy Effective Membrane-less Technology for High Pressure Hydrogen Electro-chemical Generation. French-Ukrainian Journal of Chemistry. 2018. Vol. 6, № 1. P.151–156. https://doi.org/10.17721/fujcV6I1P151-156
18. Solovey V. V., Zipunnikov М. М., Shevchenko А. А., Vorobiova І. О., Semykin V. M. Bezmembrannyi henerator vodniu vysokoho tysku. Fundamentalni aspekty vidnovliuvano-vodnevoi enerhetyky i palyvno-komirchanykh technologij / za zahal. red. Yu. М. Solonina. Kyiv, 2018. S. 99–107.
19. Matsevytyi Yu. M., Chorna N. A., Shevchenko A. A. Development of a Perspective Metal Hydride Energy Accumulation System Based on Fuel Cells for Wind Energetics. Journal of Mechanical Engineering. 2019. Vol. 22, № 4. P. 48–52. https://doi.org/10.15407/pmach2019.04.048
20. Phillips R., Edwards A., Rome B., Jones D. R., Dunnill C. W. Minimising the ohmic resistance of an alkaline electrolysis cell through effective cell design. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy. 2017. № 42. P. 23986–23994. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2017.07.184
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Keywords cloud
Significant progress on the topic of understanding the process of sound generation by supersonic jets can be achieved via mathematical modeling of sound radiation. The latest achievements of mathematical modeling of sound generation by supersonic jets being presented.
]]>17. Acoustic problems of rocket launch
Organization:
Institute of Hydromechanics of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
Page: Kosm. teh. Raket. vooruž. 2020, (1); 155-159
DOI: https://doi.org/10.33136/stma2020.01.155
Language: Russian
Annotation: Due to an increase of power of rocket engines, the high intensity sound field generated by the exhaust jets have become an important factor, which determines the success rate of a rocket launch. Ensuring a successful launch of a rocket system became harder due to new engineering problems. Identification and definition of acoustic sources structure within a complex supersonic jet, being a one of the most important scientific problems, which have to be solved to find the ways to control accoustic radiation. A three components of acoustic sources can be defined here – broadband signals from large and small components of of turbulent jet and tonal signals which usually being overlooked during the estimation of overall sound pressure level. The paper considers various aspects of acoustics of the launch of rocket systems, which includes characteristics of acoustic sources in supersonic jets, possibilities and physical limitation factors, under which it is possible to control the sound radiation. Among the possible ways to control the process of sound generation by a jet, a method of water injection in a jet is being studied. While saving the general thrust of the engine this method can not greatly reduce the sound radiation by a jet. It is recommended to use big amounts of water-air mix to protect the launch pad from damage. Significant progress on the topic of understanding the process of sound generation by supersonic jets can be achieved via mathematical modeling of sound radiation. The latest achievements of mathematical modeling of sound generation by supersonic jets being presented.
Key words: Acoustics of rocket launch, acoustic efficiency of a jet, semi-empirical models of of jet acoustics, numeric-computational methods in aeroacoustics, control of jet-generated acoustic levels
Bibliography:
1. Lighthill M. J. On Sound Generated Aerodynamically: I. General Theory. Proc. Roy. Soc. London Ser. A, 211. 1952. Р. 564–581. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.1952.0060
2. Tam C. K. W. Jet noise. Theoretical Computftional Fluid Dynamics. 1998. No 10. Р. 393–405. https://doi.org/10.1007/s001620050072
3. Lubert C. P. Sixty years of launch vehicle acoustics. Proc.Mtgs.Acoust. Vol. 31. 2017. https://doi.org/10.1121/2.0000704
4. Ask the Astronaut: What does launch feel like? URL: https://www.airspacemag. com/ask-astronaut/ask-astronaut-what-does-launch-feel-what-thoughts-and-emotions-run-through-your-mind-180959920/
5. Tim P. Ask an Astronaut: My Guide to Life in Space. 2018. 272 p.
6. Saucer B. What’s the Deal with Rocket Vibration? MIT Technology Review. July 15, 2009. URL: https://www.technology-review.com/s/414364https:/whats-the-deal-with-rocket-vibrations/
7. Ross D. Mechanics of Underwater noise. 1976. 266 p.
8. Varnier J. Experimental study and simulation of rocket engine free jet noise. AIAA J. 2001. Vol. 39, Nо 10. P. 1851–1859. https://doi.org/10.2514/2.1199
9. Eldred K. M. Acoustic loads generated by the propulsion system. NASA SP-8072, 1971. 49 p.
10. Balakrishnan P., Srinivason K. Impinging get noise reduction using non-circular jets. Applied Acoustics. 2019. Vol. 143. Р. 19-30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apacoust.2018.08.016
11. Tsutsumi S. Acoustic generation mechanism of a supersonic jet impinging on deflectors / S. Tsutsumi, R. Takaki, Y. Nakanishi, K. Okamoto, S. Teramoto 52th AIAA Aerospace Sci. Meet. AIAA Pap. 2014-0882. 2014. 12 p. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2014-0882
12. Ahuja K. K., Manes J. P., Massey K. C., Calloway A. B. An Evaluation of various concepts of Reducing Supersonic Jet Noise, AIAA-90-3982. AIAA 13th Aeroacoustic Conference, 1990. Р. 1-21. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1990-3982
13. Krathapalli A., Lenkatakrishnan L., Elovarsan R., Laurenco L. Supersonic Jet Noise Suppression by Water Injection. AIAA 2000-2025. 6th AIAA/CEAS Aeroacoustic Conference, 2000. Р. 1-25.
14. Moratilla-Vega M. A., Lackhole K., Janicka J., Xia H., Page C. J. Jet Noise Analysis using an Efficient LES/ High-Order Acoustic Coupling Method. Computer and Fluid. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compfluid.2020.104438
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Keywords cloud
Key words: mathematical model , linear systems , singular integral equations , impulse response , defects , criteria for the destruction of stochastically defective bodies , Riemann problem , thermoelastic state Bibliography: 1. mathematical model , linear systems , singular integral equations , impulse response , defects , criteria for the destruction of stochastically defective bodies , Riemann problem , thermoelastic state .
]]>15. Simulation of thermomechanical processes in functionally-gradient materials of inhomogeneous structure in the manufacturing and operation of rocket structural elements
Organization:
Institute of Mechanical Engineering of Odessa National Polytechnic University, Odessa, Ukraine
Page: Kosm. teh. Raket. vooruž. 2020, (1); 137-148
DOI: https://doi.org/10.33136/stma2020.01.137
Language: Ukrainian
Annotation: The strength of real solids depends essentially on the defect of the structure. In real materials, there is always a large number of various micro defects, the development of which under the influence of loading leads to the appearance of cracks and their growth in the form of local or complete destruction. In this paper, based on the method of singular integral equations, we present a unified approach to the solution of thermal elasticity problems for bodies weakened by inhomogeneities. The purpose of the work is to take into account the heterogeneities in the materials of the elements of the rocket structures on their functionally-gradient properties, including strength. The choice of the method of investigation of strength and destruction of structural elements depends on the size of the object under study. Micro-research is related to the heterogeneities that are formed in the surface layer at the stage of preparation, the technology of manufacturing structural elements. Defectiveness allows you to adequately consider the mechanism of destruction of objects as a process of development of cracks. In studying the limit state of real elements, weakened by defects and constructing on this basis the theory of their strength and destruction in addition to the deterministic one must consider the probabilistic – statistical approach. In the case of thermal action on structural elements in which there are uniformly scattered, non-interacting randomly distributed defects of the type of cracks, the laws of joint distribution of the length and angle of orientation of which are known, the limiting value of the heat flux for the balanced state of the crack having the length of the “weakest link” is determined. The influence of heterogeneities of technological origin (from the workpiece to the finished product) that occur in the surface layer in the technology of manufacturing structural elements on its destruction is taken into account by the developed model. The strength of real solids depends essentially on the defect of the structure. In real materials, there are always many various micro defects, the development of which under the influence of loading leads to the appearance of cracks and their growth in the form of local or complete destruction. In this paper, based on the method of singular integral equations, we present a unified approach to the solution of thermal elasticity problems for bodies weakened by inhomogeneities. The purpose of the work is to take into account the heterogeneities in the materials of the elements of the rocket structures on their functionally gradient properties, including strength. The choice of the method of investigation of strength and destruction of structural elements depends on the size of the object under study. Micro-research is related to the heterogeneities that are formed in the surface layer at the stage of preparation, the technology of manufacturing structural elements. Defectiveness allows you to adequately consider the mechanism of destruction of objects as a process of development of cracks. In studying the limit state of real elements, weakened by defects and constructing on this basis the theory of their strength and destruction besides the deterministic one must consider the probabilistic – statistical approach. With thermal action on structural elements in which there are uniformly scattered, non-interacting randomly distributed defects of the cracks, the laws of joint distribution of the length and angle of orientation of which are known, the limiting value of the heat flux for the balanced state of the crack having the length of the “weakest link” is determined. The influence of heterogeneities of technological origin (from the workpiece to the finished product) that occur in the surface layer in the technology of manufacturing structural elements on its destruction is taken into account by the developed model. The solution of the singular integral equation with the Cauchy kernel allows one to determine the intensity of stresses around the vertexes of defects of the cracks, and by comparing it with the criterion of fracture toughness for the material of a structural element, one can determine its state. If this criterion is violated, the weak link defect develops into a trunk crack. Also, a criterion correlation of the condition of the equilibrium defect condition with a length of 2l was got, depending on the magnitude of the contact temperature. When the weld is cooled, it develops “hot cracks” that lead to a lack of welding elements of the structures. The results of the simulation using singular integral equations open the possibility to evaluate the influence of thirdparty fillers on the loss of functional properties of inhomogeneous systems. The exact determination of the order and nature of the singularity near the vertices of the acute-angled imperfection in the inhomogeneous medium, presented in the analytical form, is necessary to plan and record the corresponding criterion relations to determine the functional properties of inhomogeneous systems.
Key words: mathematical model, linear systems, singular integral equations, impulse response, defects, criteria for the destruction of stochastically defective bodies, Riemann problem, thermoelastic state
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Mathematical models of hydraulic servomechanisms of space technologynt Authors: Kozak L. The required accuracy and complexity of mathematical models of hydraulic servo mechanisms are different for different design phases of guided rockets. To calculate the rocket stability regions and to evaluate own stability of servo actuators, a linearized mathematical model of hydraulic servo actuator is used that takes into account the most important parameters having impact on stability of the servo actuator itself and on that of the rocket: hardness of working fluid, stiffness of elastic suspension of the actuator and control element, slope of mechanical characteristic of the actuator in the area of small control signals, which, as full mathematical model analysis showed, is conditioned only by dimensions of initial axial clearances of slide’s throats. Using this mathematical model, the powerful actuators of a line of intercontinental ballistic missiles with swinging reentry vehicle and the main engines actuators of Zenit launch vehicle first stage were developed.
]]>13. Mathematical models of hydraulic servomechanisms of space technologynt
Organization:
Yangel Yuzhnoye State Design Office, Dnipro, Ukraine
Page: Kosm. teh. Raket. vooruž. 2020, (1); 121-132
DOI: https://doi.org/10.33136/stma2020.01.121
Language: Russian
Annotation: Being a final executive element of rocket control systems, a hydraulic actuator is at the same time the main source of various non-linear dependencies in rocket dynamic design whose availability dramatically com plicates theoretical analysis of their dynamics and control systems synthesis. The required accuracy and complexity of mathematical models of hydraulic servo mechanisms are different for different design phases of guided rockets. The paper deals with the simplest models of hydraulic servo actuators intended to calculate rocket controllability and to define requirements to response and power characteristics of the actuators. To calculate the rocket stability regions and to evaluate own stability of servo actuators, a linearized mathematical model of hydraulic servo actuator is used that takes into account the most important parameters having impact on stability of the servo actuator itself and on that of the rocket: hardness of working fluid, stiffness of elastic suspension of the actuator and control element, slope of mechanical characteristic of the actuator in the area of small control signals, which, as full mathematical model analysis showed, is conditioned only by dimensions of initial axial clearances of slide’s throats. The full mathematical model constructed based on accurate calculations of the balance of fluid flow rate through the slide’s throats allows, as early as at designing phase, determining the values of most important static and dynamic characteristics of a future hydraulic actuator, selecting optimal characteristics of slides based on specified degree of stability and response of servo actuator and conducting final modeling of rocket flight on the integrated control system test benches without using real actuators and loading stands. It is correct and universal for all phases of rockets and their control systems designing and testing. Using this mathematical model, the powerful actuators of a line of intercontinental ballistic missiles with swinging reentry vehicle and the main engines actuators of Zenit launch vehicle first stage were developed. The results of their testing separately and in rockets practically fully comply with the data of theoretical calculations.
Key words: mathematical model, hydraulic actuator, servo actuator, stability, damping, slide
Bibliography:
1. Dinamika gidroprivoda / pod red. V. N. Prokofieva. М., 1972. 292 s.
2. Gamynin N. S. Gidravlicheskii privod system upravleniia. М., 1972. 376 s.
3. Chuprakov Yu. I. Gidroprivod i sredstva gidroavtomatiki. М., 1979. 232 s.
4. Kozak L. R. Geometriia zolotnika i dinamicheskie kharakteristiki gidroprivoda // Visnyk Dnipropetrovskoho universytetu. Vyp. 13, Tom 1. 2009.
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