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Modification of technology as the main course in the military transport aircraft development Authors: Los’ O. A separate group of military transport aircraft has been distinguished in connection with the specific character of their mission: – the possibility of airborne landing of military equipment and paratroopers, which requires specific hatches and means of maintaining weight balance in flight; – The article shows that creation of modifications of expensive military transport aircraft is the main direction of their development. geometric re-arrangement of wing and system of carrying surfaces “wing + tail units” according to the criterion of minimum inductive resistance when lifting forces are equal to basic version; –
]]>12. Modification of technology as the main course in the military transport aircraft development
Organization:
Antоnov Company, Kyiv, Ukraine
Page: Kosm. teh. Raket. vooruž. 2020, (1); 114-120
DOI: https://doi.org/10.33136/stma2020.01.114
Language: Russian
Annotation: The process of creating modifications of aircraft in the transport category is a very relevant and widespread phenomenon in modern aircraft construction. A separate group of military transport aircraft has been distinguished in connection with the specific character of their mission: – the need to formulate the characteristics “cargo – range” for light, medium, operational tactical and strategic military transport aircraft, since it is precisely according to this characteristic that they are positioned by their purpose; –specific requirements are imposed on military transport aircraft cargo compartment not only with respect to its geometrical dimensions and usable volume, but also with respect to the possibility of simultaneous accommodation of military equipment and people, as well as the placement of a stretcher with t he wounded during their evacuation from the war zone; – the possibility of airborne landing of military equipment and paratroopers, which requires specific hatches and means of maintaining weight balance in flight; – the possibility of basing on poorly prepared sites with a runway length of less than 800 m in the short take-off and landing (STL) mode, especially for operational tactical military-technical vehicles, which significantly expands their use in combat zones; – the possibility of conversion into a civilian aircraft: for the delivery of goods to areas of the far north, when fighting fires, when evacuating victims from disaster zones, etc. The article shows that creation of modifications of expensive military transport aircraft is the main direction of their development. All leading aircraft manufacturing companies in the world use modification procedures as the way to most quickly meet constantly changing requirements for military transport aircraft. Along with the traditional methods of designing the modifications, the domestic school proposed a new methodology for determining the necessary parameters for “deep” modifications in wing geometry and propulsion system. The methodology is based on the use of three principles: – ensuring growth of carrying capacity and the required range of modifications of military transport aircraft of various purposes; – geometric re-arrangement of wing and system of carrying surfaces “wing + tail units” according to the criterion of minimum inductive resistance when lifting forces are equal to basic version; – coordination of modifications in wing with the required parameters of propulsion system as a condition for ensuring the required fuel efficiency.
Key words: military transport aircraft, hallmarks of military transport aircraft modifications, principles of designing military transport aircraft modifications
Bibliography:
1. Krivov G. А. Mirovaia aviatsiia na rubezhe ХХ – ХХI stoletii. Promyshlennost, rynki. Kiev, 2003. 295 s.
2. Andrienko Yu. G. Metod formirovaniia sovokupnosti tekhniko-ekonomicheskikh kharakteristik v protsedure vybora proektnykh reshenii pri razrabotke transportnykh samoletov. Otkrytye informatsionnye i kompiuternye tekhnologii: sb. nauch. tr. NAU im. N. Е. Zhukovskogo “KhAI”. Kharkiv, 2002. Vyp. 12. С. 125–138.
3. Sheinin V. М. Rol’ modifikatsii v razvitii aviatsionnoi tekhniki. 1983. 226 s.
4. Babenko Yu. V. Metodika stoimostnoi otsenki modifikatsii blizhnemagistralnykh passazhirskikh samoletov. Aviatsionno-kosmicheskaia tekhnika i tekhnologiia: sb. nauch. tr. NAU im. N. Е. Zhukovskogo “KhAI”. Kharkiv, 2015. Vyp. 7(126). S. 145–149.
5. Los’ А. V. Poniatie koeffitsienta elliptichnosti trapetsievidnogo kryla i metod ego otsenki. Aviatsionno-kosmicheskaia tekhnika i tekhnologiia: sb. nauch. tr. NAU im. N. Е. Zhukovskogo “KhAI”. Kharkiv, 2019. Vyp. 9. S. 9–15.
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2020, (1); 85-89 DOI: https://doi.org/10.33136/stma2020.01.085 Language: Russian Annotation: The main parameters are understood as: carrying capacity mг, range L and fuel efficiency qт, which largely determine the competitiveness of aircraft of this type, including military transport aircraft. At L > 0.5 productivity is constantly decreasing, while the specific indicator of fuel consumption per unit of work increases exponentially; –
]]>8. Determining the main parameters of transport aircraft modifications considering the fuel efficiency
Organization:
Antоnov Company, Kyiv, Ukraine
Page: Kosm. teh. Raket. vooruž. 2020, (1); 85-89
DOI: https://doi.org/10.33136/stma2020.01.085
Language: Russian
Annotation: The main parameters are understood as: carrying capacity mг, range L and fuel efficiency qт, which largely determine the competitiveness of aircraft of this type, including military transport aircraft. The reason for the creation of modifications of transport category aircraft is the requirement for a constant increase in their flight performance by increasing the carrying capacity and range. Among the main goals of implementing such decisions there is an indispensable increase in the fuel efficiency of modifications, since the cost of fuel reaches 80 % of the cost of an airplane hour during operation. There are a number of models that make it possible to assess the influence of the weight and aerodynamic parameters of the airframe of the aircraft and the fuel performance of the power plant (specific engine consumption) on the integral indicator of the fuel efficiency of the modification at cruising mode and the average hourly fuel consumption at the certification stage, when all parameters of the airframe and engine are fixed and consideration of options is not possible. A new model is proposed for the stage of designing modifications, in which deep modification changes are made in the geometry of wing and in the power plant with various variants of their correlation and coordination. The parameters of new model: specific fuel efficiency – specific route productivity, in order to form the relative carrying capacity and relative range of action for the required specific fuel efficiency. An analysis of such dependencies showed: – with an increase in relative range L , fuel costs per flight also increase; – the adequacy of changes in route performance is observed only at L < 0.5. At L > 0.5 productivity is constantly decreasing, while the specific indicator of fuel consumption per unit of work increases exponentially; – if in the analysis we take into account the specific value of transport efficiency, that is, the characteristic “load – range” ( mп.н f L ), it becomes obvious that the most favorable (from the point of view of fuel efficiency) are relative ranges of 0,3 < L < 0,5. In this range L , not only acceptable fuel efficiency values are realized, but also the maximum value of the route performance, that is the main parameters for which modifications are developed.
Key words: productivity, carrying capacity, fuel efficiency, parameter formation
Bibliography:
1. Balabuev P. V. Osnovy obshchego proektirovaniia samoletov s gazoturbinnymi dvigateliami. Kharkiv, 2003. Ch. 2. 389 s.
2. Yugov О. K. Soglasovanie kharakteristik samoleta i dvigatelia. 1975. 204 s.; 2-е izd., 1980. 200 s.
3. Korol’ V. N. Kontseptsiia sozdaniia mezhdunarodnogo konsortsiuma “Srednii transportnyi samolet”. Voprosy proektirovaniia i proizvodstva konstruktsii letalelnykh apparatov. Kharkiv, 2002. Vyp. 30(3). S. 6-27.
4. Global Market Forecast. Future Journeys 2013 – 2020 / AIRBUS S.A.S Blagnac Cedex: Art @ Caractere, 2013. 125 p. [electronic resource]. Access mode: http://www.airbus.com/company/market/forecast/elD=dam.
5. 747-400 Freighter Main deck cargo arrangements. Boeing, 2010 10 p. [electronic resource]. Access mode: http://www.boeing.com.
6. 6. ICAO. 3.2bn passengers used air transport in 2014. [electronic resource]. Access mode: http://www.aviatime.com/-en/airports/airports-news.
7. An-188. Srednii voenno-ttansportnyi samolet ukorochennogo vzleta i posadki. Kyiv, 2018. S. 118.
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Keywords cloud
Key words: multifunctional system , mathematical model , military unit , combat potential , correlation of forces , defensive sufficiency Bibliography: 1. multifunctional system , mathematical model , military unit , combat potential , correlation of forces , defensive sufficiency .
]]>9. Methodology for selecting design parameters of solid-propellant sustainer engines. Mathematical support and software
Organization:
Yangel Yuzhnoye State Design Office, Dnipro, Ukraine
Page: Kosm. teh. Raket. vooruž. 2023 (1); 77-87
DOI: https://doi.org/10.33136/stma2023.01.077
Language: Ukrainian
Annotation: Substantiation of the research tools has been performed as a part of methodology development for the air and missile defense system. The problem under consideration is very complex due to the multifactorial nature of the research object, its qualitative variety and manifold structure, incomplete definition of the problem statement. Furthermore, the ability of modern technologies to produce different arms systems, which are capable of carrying out same class tasks, considerably increases the risk of making not the best decisions. Based on this, as well as taking into account the sharp increase in the cost of weaponry, the considered problem is classified as an optimization one that should be solved through the theory of operations research. In this theory, such task is viewed as a mathematical problem, and mathematical simulation is the basic method of research. The main types of mathematical models, their areas of application have been considered as a part of the analysis. The classification of mathematical models has been indicated according to the scale of reproduced operations, purpose, and goal orientation. Quantitative and qualitative correlation of forces has been accepted as the efficiency criterion, which determines a goal orientation of the model. The problems related to this have been shown. In particular, searching for the compromise between simplicity of the mathematical model and its adequacy to the research object is among these problems. Two of the basic approaches to principles of the military operation model construction and its assessment have been considered. The first is implemented through modeling of the combat operations. The second approach is based on the assumption that different armament types can be compared based on their contribution to the outcome of the operation, and on the possibility to assign «a weighting coefficient» named as a combat potential to each of these types. The modern level of problem solving related to this method has been shown. The reasonability of its application in the considered task, including the definition of forces correlation of the opposing parties, has been substantiated. The basic regulations of the construction concept of the required mathematical model and tools for its research have been formulated based on the analysis results: the assigned problem should be solved by analytical methods through the theory of operations research; the analytical model is the most acceptable conception of the analyzed level of the military operation; the synthesis of the model should be based on the idea of a combat potential. At the same time, it should be taken into account that the known approach to the definition of forces correlation, which uses the combat potential method, has a number of essential limitations, including the methodological ones. Therefore, within the bounds of further research, this approach requires the development both in terms of improving the reliability of the single assessment and in terms of giving the system qualities to the synthesized mathematical model.
Key words: multifunctional system, mathematical model, military unit, combat potential, correlation of forces, defensive sufficiency
Bibliography:
1. Pavlyuk Yu. S. Ballisticheskoe proektirovanie raket: ucheb.-metod, posobie dlya vuzov. UDK623.451.8. Izd-vo ChGTU, Chelyabinsk, 1996. 92 s.
2. Nikolaev Yu. M., Solomonov Yu. S. Inzhenernoe proektirovanie upravlyaemykh ballisticheskikh raket s RDTT. M., 1979. 240 s.
3. Enotov V. G., Kirichenko A. S., Pustovgarova Ye. V. Osobennosti rascheta i vybora raskhodnoy diagrammy dvukhrezhimnykh marshevykh RDTT: ucheb.-metod. posobie. Pod red. akadem. A. V. Degtyreva. Dnepr, 2019. 68 s.
4. Enotov V. G., Kushnir B. I., Pustovgarova Ye. V. Metodika-programma proektnoy otsenki characteristic marshevykh dvigateley na tverdom toplive s korpusami iz vysokoprochnykh metallicheskikh materialov, statsionarnymi soplami i postanovka ee na avtomatizirovanniy raschet: ucheb.-metod. posobie. Vtoroe izd., pererabot. i dop. Pod red. A. S. Kirichenko. Dnep, 2019. 91 s.
5. Enotov V. G., Kirichenko A. S., Kushnir B. I., Pustovgarova Ye. V. Metodika proektnoy otsenki characteristic marshevykh dvigatelnykh ustanovok na tverdom toplive s povorotnymi upravlyayuschimi soplami, plastikovymi tselnomotannymi korpusamy i postanovka ee na avtomatizirovanniy raschet: ucheb.-metod. posobie. Vtoroe izd., pererabot. i dop. Pod red. akadem. A. V. Degtyareva. Dnepr. 2019. 149 s.
6. Alemasov V. Ye., Dregalin A. F., Tishin A. P. Teoriya raketnykh dvigateley. M., 1980. 55 s.
7. Raschetnye materialy dlya podgotovki i vydachi iskhodnykh dannykh na razrabotku uzlov marshevykh dvigatelnykh ustanovok na tverdom toplive. Raschet ID metodom avtomatizirovannogo proektirovaniya operativno-takticheskikh raket: inzhenern. zapiska 553-376 IZ. GP «KB «Yuzhnoye». Dnepropetrovsk, 2017. 30 s.
8. Metodika avtomatizirovannogo proektirovaniya operativno-takticheskikh raket: nauch.-tekhn. Otchet 03-453/32 NTO. GP «KB «Yuzhnoye». Dnepropetrovsk, 2010. 127 s.
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Keywords cloud
Key words: multifunctional system , mathematical model , military unit , combat potential , correlation of forces , defensive sufficiency Bibliography: Korshunov Yu. multifunctional system , mathematical model , military unit , combat potential , correlation of forces , defensive sufficiency .
]]>1. On the development of a methodology for building air and missile defense systems. Explanation of the investigation mechanism
Organization:
Yangel Yuzhnoye State Design Office, Dnipro, Ukraine
Page: Kosm. teh. Raket. vooruž. 2023 (1); 3-13
DOI: https://doi.org/10.33136/stma2023.01.003
Language: Ukrainian
Annotation: Substantiation of the research tools has been performed as a part of methodology development for the air and missile defense system. The problem under consideration is very complex due to the multifactorial nature of the research object, its qualitative variety and manifold structure, incomplete definition of the problem statement. Furthermore, the ability of modern technologies to produce different arms systems, which are capable of carrying out same class tasks, considerably increases the risk of making not the best decisions. Based on this, as well as taking into account the sharp increase in the cost of weaponry, the considered problem is classified as an optimization one that should be solved through the theory of operations research. In this theory, such task is viewed as a mathematical problem, and mathematical simulation is the basic method of research. The main types of mathematical models, their areas of application have been considered as a part of the analysis. The classification of mathematical models has been indicated according to the scale of reproduced operations, purpose, and goal orientation. Quantitative and qualitative correlation of forces has been accepted as the efficiency criterion, which determines a goal orientation of the model. The problems related to this have been shown. In particular, searching for the compromise between simplicity of the mathematical model and its adequacy to the research object is among these problems. Two of the basic approaches to principles of the military operation model construction and its assessment have been considered. The first is implemented through modeling of the combat operations. The second approach is based on the assumption that different armament types can be compared based on their contribution to the outcome of the operation, and on the possibility to assign «a weighting coefficient» named as a combat potential to each of these types. The modern level of problem solving related to this method has been shown. The reasonability of its application in the considered task, including the definition of forces correlation of the opposing parties, has been substantiated. The basic regulations of the construction concept of the required mathematical model and tools for its research have been formulated based on the analysis results: the assigned problem should be solved by analytical methods through the theory of operations research; the analytical model is the most acceptable conception of the analyzed level of the military operation; the synthesis of the model should be based on the idea of a combat potential. At the same time, it should be taken into account that the known approach to the definition of forces correlation, which uses the combat potential method, has a number of essential limitations, including the methodological ones. Therefore, within the bounds of further research, this approach requires the development both in terms of improving the reliability of the single assessment and in terms of giving the system qualities to the synthesized mathematical model.
Key words: multifunctional system, mathematical model, military unit, combat potential, correlation of forces, defensive sufficiency
Bibliography:
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