1. Aluminii ta yoho spoluky v raketnii tekhnitsi. URL: https://evek.com.ua/reference/alyuminiy-i-ego-soedineniya-v-raketnoy-tehnike.html (data zvernennia 21.09.2025).
2. 5000 Series Aluminum Alloy: A Comprehensive Overview. URL: https://elkamehr.com/en/5000-series-aluminum-alloy/ (data zvernennia 21.09.2025).
3. Aluminii, mid ta splavy na yikh osnovi. NUBiP Ukrainy. pdf URL: https://elearn.nubip.edu.ua/pluginfile.php/704375/mod_resource/content/2/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B4_2_%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%86i%D1%8F_11_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8E%D0%BCi%D0%BDi%D0%B9_%D0%BCi%D0%B4_.pdf?utm_source=chatgpt.com (data zvernennia 21.09.2025).
4. Dzhur Ye. O., Kalinina N. Ye., Dzhur O. Ye., Kalinin O. V., Nosova T. V., Mamchur S. I. Pidvyshchennia vlastyvostei deformovanykh aluminiievykh splaviv, modyfikovanykh nanokompozytsiiamy. Kosmichna nauka i technolohiia. 2021. 27, № 6 (133). S. 98—104. https://doi.org/10.15407/knit2021.06.098
5. Kalinina N. Ye., Bondarenko O.V. Vykorystannia aluminiievykh splaviv v aviatsiinii ta raketno-kosmichnii tekhnitsi: Navch. posib. D.: RVV DNU, 2011. 64 s.
6. Davyduk A., Polizhko S. Zmina struktury ta mekhanichnykh vlastyvostei aluminiievoho splavu systemy Al–Mg–Sc unaslidok obroblennia kompleksnym nanomodyfikatorom. Visn. Kharkivskoho natsionalnoho avtomobilno-dorozhnoho universytetu. 2023. № 103. S. 211–215.
7. Ostash O. P., Chepil R. V., Titov V. A., Polivoda S. L., Voron M. M., Podhurska V. Ya. Mitsnist i tsyklichna trishchinostiikist termodeformovanykh splaviv systemy Al–Mg–Sc. Fizyko-khimichna mekhanika materialiv. 2021. T. 57. № 3. S. 118-125. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11003-021-00555-w
8. AIAA Propulsion and Energy Forum, 2019 — Additive Manufacturing for Propulsion Systems, 19–22 august 2019. S. 217.
9. Perestan’ gry’zt’ vafli, rozdil «Kosmonavtyka» saitu N+1, 2021 r. URL: https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B
10. Scandium oxide is a rare and valuable metal. URL: https://ua.hnosc.com/news/scandium-oxide-is-a-rare-and-valuable-metal-th-75876554.html
11. Aluminum Market Size, Share, and Trends 2025 to 2034. URL: https://www.precedenceresearch.com/aluminum-market (data zvernennia 21.09.2025).
12. Aluminium Market Size, Share & Industry Analysis, By Product (Sheet, Plate, Cast Products, Extrusion, and Others), By Alloy Type (Cast Alloy and Wrought Alloy), By End-use (Construction, Transportation {Aerospace, Automotive, and Marine}, Packaging {Food & Beverages, Cosmetics, and Others}, Electrical, Consumer Durables, Machinery & Equipment, and Others), and Regional Forecast, 2024-2032. 2025. URL: https://www.fortunebusinessinsights.com/industry-reports/aluminium-market-100233 (data zvernennia 21.09.2025).
13. Global Market Insights, Inc. Aluminum Alloys Market Size By Product (Wrought, Cast), By End-user (Transportation, Construction, Packaging, Machinery, Electrical): Industry Analysis Report, Regional Outlook, Growth Potential, Price Trends, Competitive Market Share & Forecast, 2017–2024. April 2017.
URL: https://www.gminsights.com/industry-analysis/aluminum-alloys-market
14. Aluminum Scandium Alloys Market Size. 2025. https://www.globalgrowthinsights.com/market-reports/aluminum-scandium-alloys-market-107081 (data zvernennia 21.09.2025).
15. Аluminium scandium alloy market. 2025. https://market.us/report/aluminium-scandium-alloy-market/ (data zvernennia 21.09.2025).
16. Aluminum Producing Companies in the World, 6 august 2020.
URL: https://www.steeltechnology.com/articles/aluminum-producing-companies-in-the-world?utm_source=chatgpt.com
17. Miningdigital URL: https://miningdigital.com/top10/top-10-aluminium-mining-processing-companies?utm_source=chatgpt.com
18. Geopolitical Impact Analysis https://market.us/report/aluminium-scandium-alloy-market/ (data zvernennia 21.09.2025).

1. Montgomery D. C. Introduction to Statistical Quality Control. 8th ed. Wiley, 2020. 754 p.
2. Chervonyi A. A. ta in. Nadiinist skladnykh system. Mashynobudivnytstvo, 1976.
3. Wald A. Sequential Analysis. Dover Publications, 2004. 212 p. (Reprint of 1947 edition).
4. Wetherill G. B., Brown D.W. Statistical Process Control: Theory and Practice. Chapman and Hall, 2017. 296 p.
5. Stephens K. S. The Handbook of Applied Acceptance Sampling: Plans, Procedures and Principles. ASQ Quality Press, 2021. 388 p.
6. Venttsel O. S. Teoriia ymovirnostei. Nauka, 1964. 572 s.
7. ISO 2859-1:2020. Sampling procedures for inspection by attributes. Part 1: Sampling schemes indexed by acceptance quality limit (AQL) for lotby-lot inspection. Geneva: ISO, 2020.

1. Ethan Dale, Benjamin Jorns and Alec Gallimore. Future Directions for Electric Propulsion Research. Aerospace. 2020, 7, 120.
https://doi:10.3390/aerospace7090120.
2. Lev D., Myers R. M., Lemmer K. M., Kolbeck J., Koizumi H., Polzin K. The technological and commercial expansion of electric propulsion. Acta Astronautica. 2019. Vol.159. P. 213-227. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2019.03.058
3. O’Reilly D., Herdrich G., Kavanagh D.F. Electric Propulsion Methods for Small Satellites: A Review. Aerospace 2021. Vol. 8. Issue 1. 22.
https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace8010022
4. Kolbeck J., Anders A., Beilis I.I., Keidar M. Micro-propulsion based on vacuum arcs. Journal of Appied Physics. 2019. Vol.125 Issue 22.
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5081096.
5. Polk J. E., Sekerak M. J., Ziemer J. K., Schein J., and Anders A. A Theoretical analysis of vacuum arc thruster and vacuum arc ion thruster performance. IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 2008. Vol. 36, No. 5, P. 2167–2179.
https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2008.2004374
6. Schein J., Qi N., Binder R., Krishnan M., Anders A. Et al. Low mass vacuum arc thruster system for station keeping missions. IEPC-01-228: Pasadena, CA. USA. 2001.
7. Anders A. Cathodic Arcs. Springer Science Business Media. New York. 2008. 540 p. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-79108-1
8. Sanders D. M., Anders A. Review of Cathodic Arc Deposition Technology at the Start of the New Millennium. Surface and Coatings Technology. Vol. 133-134. 2000. P. 78-90. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0257-8972(00)00879-3
9. Liubimov H. A., Rakhovskyi V.I. Katodna pliama vakuumnoi duhy. UFN. 1978. T. 125, vyp. 4. S. 665-706. https://doi.org/10.3367/UFNr.0125.197808c.0665
10. Tanberg R. On the Cathode of an Arc Drawn in Vacuum. Physical Review. 1930. Vol. 35, No. 9. P. 1080-1089. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.35.1080
11. Anders A. and Yushkov G. Ion flux from vacuum arc cathode spots in the absence and presence of magnetic fields. Journal of Appied Physics . 2002.Vol. 91. No. 8. P. 4824. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1459619
12. Lun J. Performance improvement of vacuum arc thrusters. A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment at the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. 2015.
13. Dethlefsen R. Performance measure-ments on a pulsed vacuum arc thruster. AIAA Journal. 1968. 6(6). P. 1197–1199. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.4713
14. Gilmour A. & Lockwood D. Pulsed metallic-plasma generators, Proceedings of the IEEE. 1972. 60(8), P. 977–991. https://doi.org/10.1109/PROC.1972.8821
15. Qi N., Gensler S., Prasad R., Krishnan M., Vizir A. & Brown I. A vacuum arc ion thruster for space propulsion. Technical report, AASC. SBIR Phase-I Final Report F49620-97-C-0024, 31 MARCH 1998. https://doi.org/10.21236/ADA342818
16. Tang B., Idzkowski L. & Au M. Thrust improvement of the magnetically enhanced vacuum arc thruster (MVAT), in ‘29th International Electric Propulsion Conference’, Vol. IEPC-2005 304. 2005. Princeton University.
17. Polk J. E., Sekerak M. J., Ziemer J. K., Schein J., Niansheng Qi and Anders A. A Theoretical analysis of vacuum arc thruster and vacuum arc ion thruster performance. IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 2008. Vol. 36, No. 5, P. 2167–2179. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2008.2004374
18. Rysanek F., Hartmann J. W., Schein J. and Binder R. MicroVacuum Arc Thruster Design for a CubeSat Class Satellite. In 16th Annual/USU Conference on Small Satellites. 2002.
19. Lun J. Development of a vacuum arc thruster for nanosatellite propulsion. Master’s thesis, Stellenbosch University. 2008.
20. Keidar M., Schein J., Wilson K., Gerhan A., Au M., Tang B., Idzkowski L., Krishnan M. and Beilis I. I. Magnetically enhanced vacuum arc thruster. Plasma Sources Sci. Technol. 2005. 14(4), 661–669. https://doi.org/10.1088/0963-0252/14/4/004
21. Schein J., Gerhan A., Woo R., Au M., Krishnan M. Vacuum arc plasma thrusters with inductive energy storage driver. US Patent App. 11/417,366. 2007.
22. Gilmour A. S. Concerning the Feasibility of a Vacuum-Arc Thruster. In AIAA 5th Electric Propulsion Conference, San Diego, CA. 1966. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1966-202
23. Schein J., Qi N., Binder R., Krishnan M., Polk J., Ziemer J. and Shotwell R. Vacuum Arc Thruster for Small Satellite Applications. Final Contractor Report, NASA. NASA CR 2001 211323. 2001.
24. Pietzka M. Development and Characterization of a Propulsion System for CubeSats Based on Vacuum Arc Thrusters. Ph.D. Thesis, University of the Bundeswehr Munich, Munich, Germany, 2016. P. 177.
25. Zhuang T., Shashurin A., Brieda L., and Keidar M. Development of micro-vacuum arc thruster with extended lifetime. 31st International Electric Propulsion Conference, IEPC-2009-192. Ann Arbor, Michigan. 2009. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2009-4820
26. Duppada G. S., Taploo A., Spinelli J., Keidar M. Toward achieving longevity of micro cathode thrusters. Journal of Applied Physics. 2025. 138 (2) . https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0273158.
27. Krishnan M., Velas K., and Leemans S. Metal Plasma Thruster for Small Satellites. AIAA Journal. 2020. Vol. 36, No. 4, P. 535-539.
https://doi.org/10.2514/1.B37603.
28. Frankovich K., Krishnan M. Metal plasma thruster (MPT): from garage to orbit in 4 years, presented at the 2024 3AF Space Propulsion Conference in Glasgow, Scotland, 20 – 23 MAY 2024.
29. Frankovich K., Krishnan M., Mackey J.A., Kamhawi H. Flight Metal Plasma Thruster (MPT) Development, Qualification, and Thrust Measurement Campaign. Nasa Technical Reports Server: Cleveland, OH, USA, 2024.
30. Saletes J., Kim M., Saddul K., Wittig A., Honda K., Katila P. Development of a Novel Cubesat De-Orbiting All Printed Propulsion System. Space Propulsion: Estoril, Portugal, 2022.
31. Kanda B. and Kim M. Operation of Vacuum Arc Thruster Arrays with Multiple Isolated Current Sources. Aerospace. 2025, 12(6), 549.
https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace12060549
32. Anders A., Schein J. and Qi N. Pulsed vacuum-arc ion source operated with a ‘triggerless’ arc initiation method. Review of Scientific Instruments. 2000. 71(2), P. 827-829. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1150305
33. Schein J., Qi N., Binder R., Krishnan M., Ziemer J. K., Polk J. E., & Anders A. Inductive Energy Storage Driven Vacuum Arc Thruster, Review of Scientific Instruments. 2022 . 73. P. 925-927.
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1428784

1. Zhang H., Jiang L., Liu W. D. & Liu S. J. Characteristic of rotating detonation wave in an H2/Air hollow chamber with Laval nozzle. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. 2021. 46 (24). 13389–13401. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2021.01.143
2. Xue S., Ying Z., Hu M., & Zhou C. Experimental study on the rotating detonation engine based on a gas mixture. Frontiers in Energy Research. 2023. 11. 1136156. https://doi.org/10.3389/fenrg.2023.1136156
3. Xue S., Ying Z., Ma H., & Zhou C. Experimental investigation on two-phase rotating detonation fueled by kerosene in a hollow directed combustor. Frontiers in Energy Research. 2022. 10, 951177. https://doi.org/10.3389/fenrg.2022.951177
4. Kawalec M., Wolanski P., Perkowski W., & Bilar A. Development of a liquid-propellant rocket powered by a rotating detonation engine. Journal of Propulsion and Power. 2023. 39(4). 554–561. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.B38771
5. Zolotko O. Y., Zolotko O. V., Aksyonov O. S., Stoliarchuk V. V., & Cherniavskyi O. S. Analysis of the characteristics of the ejector regime of the impulse-detonation engine of the combined cycle of acceleration. Aerospace technic and technology. 2024. 6 (200). 52–59. https://doi.org/10.32620/aktt.2024.6.05
6. Camacho, R. G., & Huang, C. Component-based reduced order modelling of two-dimensional rotating detonation engine with non-uniform injection. AIAA SCITECH 2025 Forum.
https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2025-1397
7. Feng W., Zhang Q., Xiao Q., Meng H., Han X., Cao Q., Huang H., Wu B., Xu H., & Weng C. Effects of cavity length on operating characteristics of a ramjet rotating detonation enjine fueled by liquid kerosene. Fuel. 2023. 332. 126129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2022.126129
8. Bennewitz J. W., Bigler B. R., Ross M. C., Danczyk S. A., Hargus W. A. Jr. & Smith R. D. Performance of a rotating detonation rocket engine with various convergent nozzles and chamber lengths. Energies. 2021. 14(8). 2037. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14082037
9. Curran D., Wheatley V. & Smart M. High Mach number operation of accelerator scramjet engine. Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets. 2023. 60(3). https://doi.org/10.2514/1.A35511
10. Sun D., Dai Q., Chai W. S., Fang W. & Meng H. Experimental studies on parametric effects and reaction mechanisms in electrolytic decomposition and ignition of HAN solutions. ACS Omega. 2022. 7(22). 18521–18530. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.2c01183
11. Stoliarchuk V. V. Validation of efficiency enhancement methods for detonation jet engines. Aerospace technic and technology. 2024. 4(1). 82–88. https://doi.org/10.32620/aktt.2024.4sup1.12
12. Wang J., Liu Y., Huang W., Zhang Y. & Qiu H. Direct numerical simulation of inflow boundary-layer turbulence effects on cavity flame stabilisation in a model scramjet combustor. Aerospace Science and Technology. 2025. 165. 110463. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2025.110463
13. Li W., Oh H. & Ladeinde F. Comparison of flamelet and transported species-based modeling of rotating detonation engines. AIAA SCITECH 2024 Forum. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2024-2599.
14. Chen Y., Liu S., Peng H., Zhong S., Zhang H., Yuan X., Fan W. & Liu W. Propagation and heat release characteristics of rotating detonation in a ramjet engine with a divergent combustor. Physics of Fluids, 2025 37(2), 026132. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0254419
15. Kailasanath K. Review of propulsion applications of detonation waves. AIAA Journal. 2000. 38(9). 1698–1708. https://doi.org/ 10.2514/2.1156
16. Heiser W. H., & Pratt D. T. Thermodynamic cycle analysis of pulse detonation engines. Journal of Propulsion and Power. 2002. 18(1), 68–76. https://doi.org/10.2514/2.5899
17. Munipalli R., Shankar V., Wilson D. R., Kim H., Lu F. K. & Liston G. Performance assessment of ejector-augmented pulsed detonation rockets. In 39th Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit (Paper 2001-0830). Reno: AIAA. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2001-830
18. Lu F. K. & Braun E. M. Rotating detonation wave propulsion: Experimental challenges, modeling, and engine concepts. Journal of Propulsion and Power. 2014. 30(5). 1125–1142. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.B34802
19. Armbruster W. et al. Design and testing of a hydrogen–oxygen pre-detonator for RDEs. CEAS Space Journal. 2025. 17. 969-979.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12567-025-00605-y

1. Petushkov V. G. Pod red. B.Ye.Patona, Priminenie vzryva v svarochnoy technike, K.: Nauk. dumka, 2005, 754 s.
2. Physika vzryva. Izd. tretie, t. ІІ. Pod red. L. P. Orlenko. Nauka, 2004, 644 s.
3. Baum F. A., Stanyukovich K. P., Shekhter B. I. Physika vzryva. Gos. izd. FM lit. M. 1959, 800 s.
4. Kolesnikov K. S., Kozlov V. I., Kokushkin V. V. Dynamika razdeleniya stupeney letatelnykh apparatov. M.: Mashinostroenie. 1977, 224 s.
5. Kumulyativniy efect ta iogo vykorystannya dlya rozdilennya raketno-kosmichnykh elementiv za dopomogou pyrotechnichnykh prystroiv. Ye. S. Bolyubash. Materialy XVII naukovykh chytan’ «Dniprovska orbita – 2022» (26–28 zhovtnya). Dnipro, 2022. 263 s.
6. ISO 16269-6:2003 Statistical interpretation of data – Part 6: Determination of statistical tolerance intervals (IDT).
7. Kobzar A. N. Prikladnaya matematicheskaya statistika. Dlya inzhenerov i nauchnykh rabotnikov. M.: Phizmatlit, 2006, 816 s.

1. Бигун С. А., Хорольский М. С. и др. Типы и конструктивные особенности узлов стыковки систем термостатирования головных блоков и отсеков ракет-носителей космических аппаратов. Космическая техника. Ракетное вооружение: сб. науч.-техн. ст. ГП «КБ «Южное». Днепропетровск. 2013. Вып. 1. С. 65-68.
2. Бигун С. А., Хорольский М. С. Проблемные вопросы создания узлов стыковки систем термостатирования ракет космического назначения. Космическая техника. Ракетное вооружение. Space technology Missile armaments: сб. науч.-техн. ст. ГП «КБ «Южное». Днепропетровск, 2013. Вып. 2. С. 132-138.
3. Пат. Франції №2658479 (А2), 1991. МПК кл. B64G 1/40; B64G 1/64, B64G 5/00.
4. Пат. Франції №2685903 (А1), 1993, МПК кл. B64G 5/00; F41F3/055; F02K9/44.
5. Пат. Російської Федерації №2473003-Cl. 2011 p., MПK7F16L 37/20.
6. Юрцев Л. Н., Бухин Б. Л. Резина как конструкционный материал. Большой справочник резинщика. В двух частях. Ч. 1. Каучуки и ингредиенты. Под ред. С. В. Резниченко, Ю. Л. Морозова. М., 2012. 744 с.
7. ГОСТ 263-75. Резина. Метод определения твердости по Шору А (с изменениями № 1, 2, 3, 4). М., 1989. 10 с.
8. Кошелев Ф. Ф., Корнев А. Е., Буканов А. М. Общая технология резины. Изд. 4-е, перераб. и доп. М., 1978. 528 с.
9. Скоков А. И., Каплун С. В., Богуцкая Е. А., Хорольский М. С., Бигун С. А. Технологические аспекты создания рукавов стыковки систем термостатирования ракет-носителей. Космическая техника. Ракетное вооружение: сб. науч.-техн. ст. ГП «КБ «Южное». Днепропетровск. 2015. Вып. 1. С. 42-45.
10. Бигун С. А., Евчик В. С., Хорольский М. С. О выборе материалов для создания рукавов стыковки систем термостатирования современных РКН. Космическая техника. Ракетное вооружение. Space technology Missile armaments: сб. науч.-техн. ст. ГП «КБ «Южное». Днепр, 2018. Вып. 1. С. 72-84.
11. Пат. України № 120445, 2019 р., B64G 5/00, B64G 1/40, F16L 37/08, F41F 3/055, F16L 33/00.
12. Пат. України №120469, 2019р., B64G 5/00, B64G 1/40, F25B 29/00, F16L 33/00, F16L 37/12, F16L 25/00.
13. Хорольський М. С., Бігун С. О. Щодо концепції створення вузлів стикування систем термостатування ракет космічного призначення. Системне проектування й аналіз характеристик аерокосмічної техніки: зб. наук. пр. 2019. Т. XXVII. С. 162-168.
14. Бигун С. А., Хорольский М. С. и др. Экспериментальные исследования результатов отработки узлов стыковки системы термостатирования РКН «Циклон-4». Космическая техника. Ракетное вооружение: сб. науч.-техн. ст. / ГП «КБ «Южное». Днепропетровск, 2016. Вып. 2. С. 43-51.