7. Autonomous deployable landing interface: a detailed technical framework for Mitigating terminal descent risks on planetary surfaces

Annotation: The terminal descent phase of landing is a mission-critical failure point for all planetary surface exploration. This paper presents a detailed technical framework for the Lunar Landing Interface (LLI), a deployable, autonomous ground structure designed to create a controlled environment that mitigates these universal risks. We provide an in-depth analysis of the material science, component design, and operational principles of the LLI. Specifi c focus is given to the proposed solutions for electromagnetic compatibility (EMC); the power nfrastructure required for high-voltage electrostatic systems; the system’s structural and mechanical reliability through the use of solid-state actuators and robust materials; and the strategic costbenefi t of lander mass reduction enabled by this infrastructure. The scientifi c novelty of this work lies in the integrated systems approach, combining origami-inspired deployment with active dust mitigation and ground-based autonomous guidance to solve the terminal descent problem holistically. The practical signifi cance is a clear path toward reducing the cost and increasing the safety of lunar access, thereby enabling a sustainable lunar economy. This work expands upon a preliminary concept to provide the detailed theoretical and engineering rationale necessary to prove the LLI’s feasibility and justify further investment in its development, directly addressing reviewer feedback